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Biomass to liquid (BTL) is a (multi step) process to produce liquid fuels out of biomass:
It mainly aims at using the whole plant to improve the CO2 balance and the costs.
- Fischer Tropsch process is used to produce synfuels out of gasified biomass. While biodiesel and bio-ethanol production so far only use parts of a plant, i.e. oil, sugar or starch, BTL production uses the whole plant which is gasified by gasification. The result is that for BTL, less land area is required per unit of energy produced compared with biodiesel or bio-ethanol.
- Hydrogenation of plant oils (fatty acid esters) into alkanes, to produce diesel, first commercialized by Neste Oil as NExBTL.
- Flash Pyrolysis - producing sour oil, charcoals and gas at 450°C (also called anhydrous pyrolysis).
- Catalytic depolymerization - using heat and catalysts to separate usable diesel fuel from hydrocarbon wastes
See also: Gas to liquid gasification
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