Baghdad bridge stampede

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Pilgrims crossed east from Al Kazimiyah (Al Kadimiyah) over A'imma (Al-Aaimmah) bridge.

The Baghdad bridge stampede occurred on August 31, 2005 when up to 1,000 people died following a stampede on Al-Aaimmah bridge, which crosses the Tigris river in the Iraqi capital of Baghdad.It was the biggest loss of life in Iraq in one day since the US-led invasion of 2003.

At the time of the stampede around one million pilgrims had gathered around or were marching toward the Kadhimiya mosque which is the shrine of the Imam Musa al-Kazim, one of the twelve Shi'a Imams.

Around the shrine, rumours of an imminent suicide bomb attack broke out and panic spread and people flocked back towards the bridge, which had been closed. Somehow, the gate at their end of the bridge opened, and pilgrims flocked on. Some people fell from here to the concrete base and died instantly. The ensuing crush of people caused many to suffocate. The pressure of the crowd caused the bridge's iron railings to give way, dropping hundreds of people 9 meters (about 30 feet) into the Tigris river. There was nowhere on the bridge for the people to go, as the other end of the bridge remained closed, and was impossible to open anyway, as it opened inward.

Owing to the nature of the incident many of those who died were those who could be considered physically weakest, that is the elderly, women and children.

People dived in from both ends of the bridge trying to help those drowning in the river. On the Sunni side, calls went out from the loudspeakers of local Mosques to help those in trouble. One teenager, Othman Abdul Hafez, a sunni Arab from the other side of the bridge drowned as he rescued people in the water before succumbing to exhaustion, he was later praised as a "Shahid" by Iraqi politicians.[1]

Tensions had been high within the crowd. Earlier in the day, seven people were killed and dozens more were wounded in a mortar attack upon the assembled crowd. An Al-Qaeda linked insurgent group later claimed responsibility.[2]

Interior Minister Bayan Baqir Solagh said that one person "pointed a finger at another person saying that he was carrying explosives... and that led to the panic".

A three-day mourning period was announced by Iraqi Prime Minister Ibrahim al-Jaafari. Iraqi President Jalal Talabani said the catastrophe "will leave a scar in our souls and will be remembered with those who died in the result of terror acts."

There was some political fallout also from the event, with Mutalib Mohammad Ali, The Minister for Health, blaming the Defence Ministers for not doing enough to secure the area, however, The Prime Minister dismissed any calls for resignation for any ministry.

After the stampede, a few commentators in the Western media speculated that given the scale of the incident it might tip the country into a civil war by antagonizing the Shi'a community. However, there was no immediate surge in sectarian violence. Opposition groups blamed the government and security forces for failing to prevent the incident. However, these groups themselves often encourage high turn-outs at religious events to prove the relative strength of their sect. Another factor leading to a high turn-out at Shi'a religious events is the fact such events were banned under Saddam Hussein, and so many attend to express faith in a way they were banned from doing for decades.

Many of the dead were buried in the holy Shia Islamic town of Najaf.

[edit] World reaction

Governments and world leaders have offered their condolences after the deadly stampede:

Syrian Foreign ministry official quoted by state news agency Sana:

"The Syrian government and people express their sympathy to Iraqis and to the families of the victims, and they wait for the day when security, stability and progress reign in the country."

Iran Foreign Ministry spokesman Hamid Reza Asefi:

"[Iran offers its] condolences and sympathy with the Iraqi people and government. Suspicious hands are involved in conspiracies to incite violence and bloodshed among the different Iraqi groups and tribes so that they disturb the security and calm of the Iraqi people"

UK Foreign Secretary Jack Straw, speaking on behalf of the EU and the UK - current holder of the EU presidency:

"It is still not clear exactly what started the stampede which led to these hundreds of deaths and injuries. However, it is clear that the same crowd of Shia pilgrims, celebrating an important Shia religious festival, had earlier suffered a mortar attack... I condemn utterly this despicable act of terrorism against innocent civilians just as I condemn, too, those that continue to use violence and terror more widely in order to further their aims in Iraq. The depravity of these individuals who commit these acts of terrorism against their fellow Muslims sadly knows no bounds."

United States Department of State spokesman Sean McCormack:

"The United States deeply regrets the tragic loss of life of worshipers in Kadhimiya, Baghdad today... Our sincere condolences and thoughts and prayers go out to the many Iraqi families who lost loved ones in this tragedy."