Archelaus I of Macedon

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Archelaus I was king of Macedon from 413 to 399 BC, following the death of Perdiccas II. The son of Perdiccas by a slave woman, Archelaus obtained the throne by murdering his uncle, his cousin, and his half-brother, the legitimate heir, but proved a capable and beneficent ruler, known for the sweeping changes he made in state administration, the military, and commerce.

Almost immediately after he took power, Archelaus was faced with a situation which allowed him to completely reverse Macedon's relationship with Athens, which had been a major threat for the past half century. The Athenians experienced a crushing defeat at Syracuse in late 413 during which most of their ships were destroyed. This left the Athenians in desperate need of a huge amount of timber to build new ships and Archelaus in a position to set the price. Archelaus generously supplied the Athenians with the timber they needed. In recognition of this, the Athenians honored Archelaus and his children with the titles of proxenos and euergetes of the people.

Archelaus went on to institute many internal reforms. He issued an abundance of good quality coinage. He built strongholds, cut straight roads (important for movement of the military), and improved the organization of the military, particularly the cavalry and hoplite infantry.

Archelaus was also known as a man of culture and extended cultural and artistic contacts with southern Greece. In his new palace at Pella (where he moved the capital from the old capital at Aigai), he hosted great poets, tragedians, including Euripides (who wrote his tragedies Archelaus and The Bacchae while in Macedon), musicians, and painters, including Zeuxis (the most celebrated painter of his time). Archelaus reorganized the Olympia, a religious festival with musical and athletic competitions honoring Olympian Zeus and the Muses at Dion, the Olympia of Macedon. The greatest athletes and artists of Greece came to Macedon to participate in this event.

According to Aelian, Archelaus was killed in 399 B.C. during a hunt, by one of the royal pages, his eromenos Craterus. The claim is that Archelaus had promised his beloved the hand of one of his daughters in marriage, and when he reneged on the promise the boy became enraged and acted.^[1] It is also possible that this was part of a conspiracy, although nothing was ever proven. By the time that he died, Archelaus had succeeded in converting Macedon into a significantly stronger power. Thucydides credited Archelaus with doing more for his kingdom than all of his predecessors together.

[edit] Notes and references

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

[edit] External links

• Coinage of Archelaus
• Ancestry of Archelaus

Preceded by: Perdiccas II

King of Macedon 413 BC–399 BC

Succeeded by: Craterus

	Kings of Macedon
Argeads	Karanus • Koinos • Tyrimmas • Perdiccas I • Argaeus I • Philip I • Aeropus I • Alcetas I • Amyntas I • Alexander I • Perdiccas II • Archelaus I • Craterus • Orestes and Aeropus II • Archelaus II • Amyntas III • Pausanias • Amyntas III • Argaeus II • Amyntas III • Alexander II • Ptolemy I • Perdiccas III • Amyntas IV • Philip II • Alexander the Great • Antipater* • Philip III** • Alexander IV** • Perdiccas* • Antipater* • Polyperchon* • Cassander*
Antipatrids	Cassander • Philip IV • Alexander V • Antipater II
Antigonids	Demetrius I • Lysimachus and Pyrrhus • Ptolemy II • Meleager • Antipater II • Sosthenes • Antigonus II • Demetrius II • Antigonus III • Philip V • Perseus *regent **titular king