艾文·積及迅
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艾文·積及迅醫生(-{Edmund Jacobson}-，1888年8月22日—1983年)是美國的一位醫生，專長於內科及精神科，同時亦是一位病理學家。他從觀察病人面部肌肉的繃緊而發明了漸進放鬆法。直到現在，這套方法仍然用於指導要應乎身心壓力的人。此外，他亦是生物反饋法的始創者。
[编辑] 生平
艾文·積及迅在1888年8月22日於美國芝加哥出生。他的父親莫里斯·積及迅是一位在德國出生的實業家，母親叫芬妮。
1908年，當他在西北大學取得理學學士資格之後，積及迅轉往芝加哥大學就讀，並取得文學碩士及哲學博士資格。之後，他返回芝加哥，並在芝加哥大學的病理學系擔任助理。1915年，他在芝加哥大學取得醫學博士資格。
1908年，積及迅回到哈佛大學，並開展他在病理學上的研究。1921年，
He began his physiological investigations at Harvard University in 1908. In 1921, he introduced the application of psychological principles to medical practice which was later called psychosomatic medicine. Employing low microvoltage apparatus, Jacobson also made the first accurate electrical measurement of muscular tonus, nerve impulses and mental activities in neuromuscular sites in living men.
Jacobson was able to prove the connexion between excessive muscular tension and different disorders of body and psyche. He found out that tension and exertion was always accompanied by a shortening of the muscular fibres, that the reduction of the muscular tonus decreased the activity of the central nervous system, that relaxation was the contrary of states of excitement and well suited for a general remedy and prophylaxis against psychosomatic disorders.
In 1929, after twenty years of research, Jacobson began to publish his results in the book "Progressive Relaxation" (Univ. of Chicago Press). His major work, "You must relax", addressing the general public, came out in 1934.
Jacobson deepened his investigations from 1936 through 1960 at the Laboratory for Clinical Physiology in Chicago which he directed, and he continued his investigations of simultaneous chemical and electronic recordings in man in health until the 1970's.
[编辑] 參看
- 漸進放鬆法
