唐璜

维基百科，自由的百科全书

唐璜正在翻译。欢迎您积极翻译与修订。
目前已翻译5%，原文在Don Juan。

唐璜（Don Juan）是一名西班牙家傳戶曉的一名傳說人物，以英俊瀟洒及風流著稱，一生中周旋無數貴族婦女之間，在文學作品中多被用作「情聖」的代名詞。

[编辑] 唐璜傳說

The legend says that Don Juan seduced a young girl of noble family, and killed her father. Later, he came across a statue of the father in a cemetery and impiously invited it home to dine with him, an invitation which the statue gladly accepted. The ghost of the father arrived for dinner as the harbinger of Don Juan's death. The Statue asked to shake Don Juan's hand, and when he extended his arm, he was dragged away to Hell.

Most authorities agree that the first recorded tale of Don Juan is El burlador de Sevilla y convidado de piedra (The Trickster of Seville and Stone Guest) by Tirso de Molina. Its date of publication varies from source to source, ranging from 1620 to 1625, although it appeared in Spain as early as 1615. In it, Don Juan is an unrepentant womanizer who seduces women by disguising himself as their actual lovers, or by promising marriage. He leaves a trail of broken hearts and angry husbands and fathers behind him, finally slaying a certain Don Gonzalo. When later he is invited to dinner in the cathedral by Don Gonzalo's ghost, he accepts, not wanting to appear a coward.

Depending upon the particular rendition of the legend, Don Juan's character may be presented in one of two perspectives, or somewhere in between. According to some, Don Juan was a simple, lustful womanizer, a cruel seducer who simply gets sex wherever he can. Others, however, see Don Juan as a man who genuinely loves every woman he seduces, and it is his gift to see the true beauty and intrinsic value which exist within every woman. The early versions of the legend always portray him in the former light.

[编辑] 其它文學作品中的唐璜

作為一個家傳戶曉的人物，唐璜的故事先後有莫里哀、拜倫、蕭伯納和莫札特等用作文學及音樂創作題材。

[编辑] 莫里哀的《唐璜》

唐璜在莫里哀的同名作品《唐璜》中以主角身份出現，一個充滿誘人魅力，卻厚顏無恥、到處竊玉偷香的西班牙貴族。故事中，情場上數之不盡的勝利與征服使唐璜麻木起來，喪失了愛的感覺。最後，落得身陷地獄的結局，卻至死不悔。 Another more recent version of the legend of Don Juan is that presented in José Zorilla's (1817-1893) "Don Juan Tenorio" (1844). The version is formatted as a play in which Don Juan is depicted quite villainously. The action starts off with Don Juan meeting with his old friend Don Luis and the two men recounting their conquests and vile deeds of the last year. In terms of the number of murders and of conquests (i.e. seductions), Don Juan out-scores his friend Don Luis. Outdone, Don Luis replies that his friend has never had a woman pure of soul, planting in Don Juan a new tantalizing desire to sleep with a woman of God. Also, Don Juan informs his friend Don Luis that he plans to seduce his future wife. Don Juan manages to seduce both his friend's wife and Doña Ines. Incensed, Doña Ines's father and Don Luis come to try and avenge their lost pride, but Don Juan kills them both, though Don Juan begs them not to attack, for he claims that Doña Ines has shown him the true way. Don Juan gets a little nervous when he is visited by the ghosts of Doña Ines and her father, and the book concludes with a very interesting scene of a veritable tug of war between Doña Ines and her father, with the daughter eventually winning and pulling Don Juan up into Heaven.

In Aleksandr Blok's poetic depiction, the statue is only mentioned as a fearful approaching figure, while a deceased Donna Anna ("Anna, Anna, is it sweet to sleep in the grave? Is it sweet to dream unearthly dreams") is waiting to return to him in the fast-approaching hour of his death.

In the novella "La Gitanilla" (The Little Gypsy Girl) by Miguel de Cervantes, the character who falls in love with the Gitanilla is named Don Juan de Cárcamo, possibly related with the popular legend.

A play called Don Juan (Don Giovanni Tenorio, ossia Il Dissoluto) was written in 1736 by Carlo Goldoni, famous Italian comic playwright.

In the novel The Phantom of the Opera, the name of the opera written by the Phantom is "Don Juan Triumphant."

The famous Romantic Lord Byron wrote an epic version of Don Juan that is considered to be his masterpiece. It was left unfinished upon his death, but portrays Don Juan as the innocent victim of a repressive Catholic upbringing who unwittingly stumbles into love time and time again. In Canto II, for example, he is washed up shipwrecked on an island and is rescued by the beautiful daughter of a Greek pirate, who nurses him back to health: a love relationship develops. When her father returns from his journey, however, he is angry and sells Juan into slavery, where he is bought by a Sultan's wife for her pleasure. Byron's don Juan is less the seducer than the victim of women's desire and his unfortunate circumstances.

According to Harold Bloom, the character of Edmund in King Lear by William Shakespeare anticipates the Don Juan archetype by a few decades.

Albert Camus presents Don Juan as an archetypical example of the absurd man in his 1942 essay The Myth of Sisyphus.

[编辑] 與唐橫有關的文藝創作列表

17th century: L'ateista fulminato, Italian play by unknown
1630: Tirso de Molina (or Andrés de Claramonte): El burlador de Sevilla y convidado de piedra
1643: Paolo Zehentner's play Promontorium Malae Spei
1650: Giacinto Andrea Cicognini's play Il convitato di pietra
1658: Dorimon (Nicolas Drouin)'s Le festin de pierre, ou le fils criminel
1659: Jean Deschamps "Villiers"'s play Le Festin de Pierre ou le Fils criminel
1665: Molière's comedy Dom Juan ou Le festin de pierre
1669: Rosimon's Festin de pierre, ou l’athée foudroyé
1676: Thomas Shadwell's play The Libertine
1714?: Antonio de Zamora's play No hay plazo que no se cumpla ni deuda que no se pague o convidado de piedra^[1]
1736: Carlo Goldoni's play Don Giovanni Tenorio ossia Il dissoluto
1761: Christoph Willibald Gluck and Gasparo Angiolini's ballet Don Juan
1787: Giovanni Bertati's opera Don Giovanni, music by Giuseppe Gazzaniga
1787: Lorenzo da Ponte's opera Don Giovanni, music by Mozart
1813: E.T.A. Hoffmann's novella Don Juan (later collected in Fantasiestücke in Callots Manier)
1821: Byron's epic poem Don Juan
1829: Christian Dietrich Grabbe's play Don Juan und Faust
1830: Pushkin's play Kamenny Gost' (The Stone Guest)
1831: Alexandre Dumas' play Don Juan de Maraña
1834: Prosper Mérimée's novella Les âmes du Purgatoire
1840: José de Espronceda's El estudiante de Salamanca
1841: Franz Liszt's Réminiscences de Don Juan on themes from the Mozart opera
1844: Nikolaus Lenau's play Don Juan
1844: José Zorrilla's play Don Juan Tenorio
1861: Charles Baudelaire's poem Don Juan aux enfers
1874: Guerra Junqueiro's poem A morte de D. João
1878: The Finding of Don Juan by Haidee, painting by Ford Madox Brown
1883: Paul Heyse's "Don Juans Ende"
1889: Richard Strauss' symphonic poem Don Juan
1903: George Bernard Shaw's play Man and Superman
1902-5: Ramón del Valle-Inclán's Las sonatas
1906 : Ruperto Chapí's opera Margarita la tornera, based on José Zorrilla's dramatic poem. This features a seducer of women known as Don Juan Alarcon.
1907: Guillaume Apollinaire's novel Les exploits d'un jeune Don Juan
1910: Gaston Leroux's novel Phantom of the Opera, which includes an opera called Don Juan Triumphant.
1910-12: Aleksandr Blok's The Commander's Footsteps (Шаги командора)
1913: Jacinto Grau's play Don Juan de Carillana; also, the play El burlador que no se burla (1927) and the essay Don Juan en el tiempo y en el espacio (1954)
1921: Edmond de Rostand's Don Juan
1922: Azorín' Don Juan
1926: Ramón Pérez de Ayala's novel and play Tigre Juan
1926: Don Juan, starring John Barrymore, silent film with Vitaphone soundtrack.
?: Serafín and Joaquín Álvarez Quintero's play Don Juan
1934: Miguel de Unamuno's Don Juan
1934: The Private Life of Don Juan, Douglas Fairbanks, Sr.'s last film
1934-49: André Obey: Don Juan
1936: Ödön von Horváth's Don Juan kommt aus dem Krieg
1942: Paul Goodman's novel Don Juan or, The Continuum of the Libido, edited by Taylor Stoehr, 1979.
1949: Adventures of Don Juan, film starring Errol Flynn
1953: Max Frisch's Don Juan oder die Liebe zur Geometrie; also Nachträgliches zu Don Juan
1954: Ronald Frederick Duncan's play Don Juan
1958: Henry de Montherlant's play Don Juan
1963: Gonzalo Torrente Ballester's novel Don Juan
1973: Don Juan ou Si Don Juan était une femme..., film starring Brigitte Bardot
1989: The Pet Shop Boys song "Don Juan", which used the story as a metaphor for the seduction of the Balkans by Nazism during the 1930s
1991: Georges Pichard's Exploits d'un Don Juan, comic from Apollinaire's novel
1992: The song, "The Statue Got Me High" by They Might Be Giants, is a contemporary, semi-abstract retelling of Don Giovanni.
1995: Don Juan DeMarco, film starring Johnny Depp in the role of Don Juan, and also starring Marlon Brando
1997: David Ives' comedy Don Juan in Chicago
2004: Peter Handke's novel Don Juan (erzählt von ihm selbst) ("Don Juan (Told by Himself)")
2005: Jim Jarmusch's film Broken Flowers
2006: Andrzej Bart's novel Don Juan raz jeszcze (Don Juan: once again)

Both the Flynn and Fairbanks versions turn Don Juan into a likeable rogue, rather than the heartless seducer that he is usually presented as being. The Flynn movie even has him successfully foiling a treasonous plot in the Spanish royal court. Shaw's play turns him into a philosophical character who enjoys contemplating the purpose of life.