Bergen-Belsen DP camp
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Near the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, British forces established a displaced persons (DP) camp for refugees after World War II. The site used abandoned German army Panzer barracks for housing facilities, and after November of 1945, Jewish refugees were given their own section. The camp was the largest DP camp in Germany with 11,000 residents in 1946 and the only exclusively Jewish facility in the British sector.
The British authorities tried to rename the camp Hohne to avoid the association with Nazi genocide at the concentration camp nearby, but the Holocaust survivors who were residents (Sh'erit ha-Pletah) in the camp refused to accept the name change and persisted in calling the DP camp Bergen-Belsen.
The leader of the camp, Josef Rosensaft organized the first Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the camp, an organization that grew to be the main organization of its kind in Europe.
The refugees maintained active opposition to British restrictions on Jewish immigration to the British Mandate of Palestine, and until 1949 (well after the establishment of the State of Israel), British authorities did not allow free passage in and out of the camp. In 1946, administrative responsibility for the camp passed to the UNRRA, though British occupying forces maintained security around the camp. Nevertheless, the Haganah established secret training programmes on the camp grounds in December of 1947.
For their part, the refugees organized a vibrant community within the camp. Schools were established within months of the liberation, and at one point there were 20 weddings every day in the camp. A newspaper known as Unzer Stimme (Yiddish for "Our Voice") was published by the camp and was the main Jewish newspaper in the British sector.
By 1951, the camp was vacated, the majority of refugees having emigrated to the State of Israel.
[edit] External links
- US Holocaust Museum article on Bergen-Belsen DP Camp
- Bergen-Belsen Liberation Sign, Photos and Links from Holocaust Survivors' Remembrance
