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Џ.Р.Р. Толкин - Википедија

Џ.Р.Р. Толкин

Од Википедија, слободна енциклопедија

Џ. Р. Р. Толкин (J. R. R. Tolkien)

Toлкин во 1972, во неговата работна соба во Meртон Стрит, Oксфорд. Извор: Џ. Р. Р. Toлкин: Биографија, од Хамфри Карпентер.
Роден: 3 јануари, 1892
Блумфонтејн, Јужноафриканска Република
Починат: 2 септември, 1973
Бурнмот, Англија
Професија: aвтор, aкадемик, филолог
Жанр(ови): Фантазија
Magnum opus: Господар на прстените

Џон Роналд Руел Толкин (3 Јануари, 1892 – 2 Септември, 1973) е писател кој е автор на Хобитот (The Hobbit) и неговото продолжение, трилогијата Господарот на прстените(The Lord of The Rings).

Бил професор по Англо-Саксонски јазик (1925-1945) и Англиски јазик (1945-1959) и литература на Универзитетот Оксфорд. Бил строг Римокатолик. Толкин бил близок пријател на К. С. Луис.И двајцата биле членови на литературната група the Inklings.

Покрај Хобитот (The Hobbit) и неговото продолжение, трилогијата Господарот на прстените (The Lord of The Rings) Толкин напишал бројни книги со фиктивна содржина вкучувајќи ги и Силмарилион и други постхумни издадени книги за неговиот таканаречен легендариум, кој во себе вклучувал приказни, фиктивна историја, измислени јазици и други литературни есеји за имагинарниот свет наречен Aрда, и Средна Земја (инспирирано од Мидгард во Нордиската митологија, земјите населени од Луѓето) особено, слободно идентификувано како 'алтернативно' далечно минато на нашиот свет. Повеќето од неговите дела се компилација на неговите забелешки што неговиот син Кристофер Толкин ги собрал.

Се образувал во Училиштето на Крал Едвард, Бирмингем и на Универзитетот Оксфорд.

Содржина

[уреди] Литературно творештво

[уреди] Фикција и поезија

  • 1936 Songs for the Philologists, with E.V. Gordon et al.
  • 1937 The Hobbit or There and Back Again
  • 1945 Leaf by Niggle (short story)
  • 1945 The Lay of Aotrou and Itroun, published in Welsh Review
  • 1949 Farmer Giles of Ham (medieval fable)
  • 1953 The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth, Beorhthelm's Son published with the essay Ofermod
  • The Lord of the Rings
    • 1954 The Fellowship of the Ring: being the first part of The Lord of the Rings
    • 1954 The Two Towers: being the second part of The Lord of the Rings
    • 1955 The Return of the King: being the third part of The Lord of the Rings
  • 1962 The Adventures of Tom Bombadil and Other Verses from the Red Book
  • 1967 The Road Goes Ever On, with Donald Swann
  • 1964 Tree and Leaf (On Fairy-Stories and Leaf by Niggle in book form)
  • 1966 The Tolkien Reader (The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorthelm's Son, On Fairy Stories, Leaf by Niggle, Farmer Giles of Ham' and The Adventures of Tom Bombadil)
  • 1966 Tolkien on Tolkien (autobiographical)
  • 1967 Smith of Wootton Major

[уреди] Академски работи

  • 1922 A Middle English Vocabulary
  • 1924 Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (with E. V. Gordon)
  • 1925 Some Contributions to Middle-English Lexicography
  • 1925 The Devil's Coach Horses
  • 1929 Ancrene Wisse and Hali Meiohad
  • 1932 The Name 'Nodens' (in: Report on the Excavation of the Prehistoric, Roman, and Post-Roman Site in Lydney Park, Gloucestershire.)
  • 1932/1935 Sigelwara Land parts I and II
  • 1934 The Reeve's Tale (rediscovery of dialect humour, introducing the Hengwrt manuscript into textual criticism of Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales)
  • 1936 The Monsters and the Critics (lecture on Beowulf criticism)
  • 1939 On Fairy-Stories (lecture on Tolkien's philosophy on fantasy)
  • 1944 Sir Orfeo (an edition of the medieval poem)
  • 1947 On Fairy-Stories (essay, very central for understanding Tolkien's views on fantasy)
  • 1953 Ofermod, published with the poem The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth, Beorhthelm's Son
  • 1953 Middle English "Losenger"
  • 1962 Ancrene Wisse: The English Text of the Ancrene Riwle
  • 1963 English and Welsh
  • 1966 Jerusalem Bible (contributing translator and lexicographer)

[уреди] Постхумни изданија

See Tolkien research for essays and text fragments by Tolkien published in academic publications and forums.

  • 1975 Translations of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl (poem) and Sir Orfeo
  • 1976 The Father Christmas Letters
  • 1977 The Silmarillion
  • 1979 Pictures by J. R. R. Tolkien
  • 1980 Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth
  • 1980 Poems and Stories (a compilation of The Adventures of Tom Bombadil, The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm's Son, On Fairy-Stories, Leaf by Niggle, Farmer Giles of Ham and Smith of Wootton Major)
  • 1981 The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien (eds. Christopher Tolkien and Humphrey Carpenter)
  • 1981 The Old English Exodus Text
  • 1982 Finn and Hengest: The Fragment and the Episode
  • 1982 Mr. Bliss
  • 1983 The Monsters and the Critics (an essay collection)
    • Beowulf, the Monsters and the Critics (1936)
    • On Translating Beowulf (1940)
    • On Fairy-Stories (1947)
    • A Secret Vice (1930)
    • Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
    • English and Welsh (1955)
  • 19831996 The History of Middle-Earth:
    • I. The Book of Lost Tales 1 (1983)
    • II. The Book of Lost Tales 2 (1984)
    • III. The Lays of Beleriand (1985)
    • IV. The Shaping of Middle-earth (1986)
    • V. The Lost Road and Other Writings (1987)
    • VI. The Return of the Shadow (The History of The Lord of the Rings vol. 1) (1988)
    • VII. The Treason of Isengard (The History of The Lord of the Rings vol. 2) (1989)
    • VIII. The War of the Ring (The History of The Lord of the Rings vol. 3) (1990)
    • IX. Sauron Defeated (The History of The Lord of the Rings vol. 4, including an edition of The Notion Club Papers) (1992)
    • X. Morgoth's Ring (The Later Silmarillion vol. 1) (1993)
    • XI. The War of the Jewels (The Later Silmarillion vol. 2) (1994)
    • XII. The Peoples of Middle-earth (1996)
    • Index (2002)
  • 1995 J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator (a compilation of Tolkien's art)
  • 1998 Roverandom

[уреди] Аудио записи

  • 1967 Poems and Songs of Middle-Earth, Caedmon TC 1231
  • 1975 JRR Tolkien Reads and Sings his The Hobbit & The Lord of the Rings, Caedmon TC 1477, TC 1478 (based on an August, 1952 recording by George Sayer)

[уреди] Книги за Толкин

A small selection of the dozens of books about Tolkien and his works:

  • 1977 J. R. R. Tolkien - A Biography (Humphrey Carpenter)
  • 1981 Journeys of Frodo (Barbara Strachey — an atlas of The Lord of the Rings)
  • 1992 John & Priscilla Tolkien, The Tolkien Family Album. London: HarperCollins.
  • 2000 J. R. R. Tolkien - Author of the Century (T. A. Shippey)
  • 2000 Tolkien's Legendarium: Essays on The History of Middle Earth ed. Verlyn Flieger and Carl F. Hostetter
  • 2002 The Complete Tolkien Companion, 3rd edition (J. E. A. Tyler — a reference, covers The Lord of the Rings, The Hobbit, The Silmarillion, and Unfinished Tales; substantially improved over the previous editions.)
  • 2003 Tolkien the Medievalist, (ed. Jane Chance, Routledge, London, New York)
  • 2004 Tolkien studies, Vol 1 ed. Douglas A. Anderson, Michael D. C. Drout and Verlyn Flieger
  • 2004 Tolkien and the Invention of Myth, a Reader ed. Jane Chance
  • 2005 The Power of the Ring: The Spiritual Vision Behind The Lord of the Rings by Stratford Caldecott
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