Saint Petersburg
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- For the city in the U.S. state of Florida, see Saint Petersburg, Florida
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| District: | North West Russia |
| Subdivision: | Federal city |
| Location: | 59°56′N 30°20′E |
| Area: | 1,400 km² |
| Population: | 4,661,219 (2002 Census) |
| Population density: | 3330 persons/km² |
| Altitude: | 3 m |
| Postal code: | 190000-199406 |
| Dialing code: | +7 812 |
| License plate: | 78, 98 |
Saint Petersburg (Sankt-Peterburg/Санкт-Петербург) is a Russian city in northwestern Russia on the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea. 4.7 million people (2002) live in St. Petersburg today, and it is the second biggest city in Russia. It connects with the rest of the world's shipping paths through the Baltic Sea.
Saint Petersburg was started by the Russian Tsar, Peter I as the capital of the Russian Empire in 1703, to take the place of the earlier capital, Moscow. It was the capital of Russia until 1918.
Saint Petersburg has changed its name many times. During World War I, when Russia and Germany were fighting each other, Russians thought the name Sankt Peterburg sounded too German, so Tsar Nicholas II, on August 31 (August 18, Old Style), 1914 decided that the city was renamed Petrograd. At the time of the Russian revolution, the Soviet capital was moved to Moscow, still the capital of Russia now.
After the Soviet capital was moved to Moscow, on January 26, 1924, three days after Lenin's death, Petrograd was renamed Leningrad in his honor. During World War II, the city was surrounded by the German army for twenty-nine months.
Leningrad again took its old name of St. Petersburg on September 6, 1991, when Russia stopped being communist. In every-day Russian, the city is often called just "Piter". The name of the Oblast (administrative province) where the city is the capital is still called "Leningrad Oblast".
Saint Petersburg was a beautiful city planned by Peter I. There are many man-made rivers (or canals) in the city, so the city is sometimes called the Venice of the North. There are also beautiful buildings built by Russian emperors in other places of the city. Some of these buildings are the Hermitage Museum and the Winter Palace.
