Majlis Keselamatan PBB
From Wikipedia
Majlis Keselamatan PBB adalah majlis yang dianggotai oleh sebilangan ahli-ahli Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu, dan lima daripadanya adalah anggota tetap yang memiliki kuasa pembatal (kuasa veto); iaitu Amerika Syarikat, United Kingdom, Perancis, China dan Russia. Ia merupakan organ PBB yang berfungsi untuk mengekalkan keamanan dan keselamatan di kalangan negara-negara. Di mana organ lain PBB hanya boleh membuat cadangan kepada ahli-ahli kerajaan, Majlis Keselamatan mempunyai kuasa untuk membuat keputusan yang mana ahli-ahli kerajaan mesti melaksanakan di bawah Carta PBB. Keputusan-keputusan majlis dikenali sebagai Resolusi Majlis Keselamatan PBB. Presiden Majlis Keselamatan ini digilir-gilirkan dan berakhir hanya untuk setiap bulan bagi setiap giliran
[Sunting] Sejarah
Majlis Keselamatan PBB melangsungkan sessi pertamanya pada 17 Januari , 1946 di Church House, London.
|
|
|||||
m Since this first meeting the Council, which exists in continuous session, has travelled widely, holding meetings in Paris and Addis Ababa for instance. For the most part, however, it has remained located at UN Headquarters – first at Lake Success in New York and then at its current home in New York City.
Significant changes in the Council’s composition have occurred on three occasions. In 1965 amendments to articles 23 and 27 of the Charter came into effect, increasing the number of elected members from six to ten. In 1968 a similar amendment to article 109 also came into effect.
In 1971 the General Assembly voted to remove the representative of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and seat the delegate from the People's Republic of China instead. Notwithstanding the supposed legal inability of the Assembly to expel a member of the Council without the Council’s endorsement (subject to veto), or the lack of an amendment to article 23 specifying the identity of the permanent members, the United States acquiesced in this change in accordance with the Nixon-Kissinger policy of rapprochement with China. Owing to Washington's role as sole guarantor of Taiwan's security, Taipei was reluctantly induced to adhere by the Assembly's resolution and lost its prestigious permanent seat and membership in the UN. (see China and the United Nations)
Similarly, there was no amendment to article 23 following the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1991. In much less contentious circumstances the Russian Federation acceded to the former Soviet seat.
[Sunting] Keahlian
Seorang ahli Majlis Keselamatan mesti sentiasa berada di ibupejabat UN di New York supaya Majlis Keselamatan boleh mengadakan mesyuarat pada bila-bila masa. Syarat daripada United Nations Charter ini adalah untuk mengatasi kelemahan Liga Bangsa(League of Nations) yang selalunya tidak berupaya memberi respons dengan cepat sekiranya muncul sesuatu krisis.
Peranan presiden Majlis Keselamatan termasuklah mengenalpasti agenda, mempengerusikan mesyuarat-mesyuarat Majlis Keselamatan, dan mengendali sebarang krisis.Ia bertukar-tukar mengikut susunan abjad berdasarkan nama-nama ahli dalam bahasa Inggeris.
Terdapat dua kategori keahlian dalam Majlis Keselamatan UN : Ahli Tetap dan Ahli yang dilantik.
| Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (PBB) |  |
|---|---|
| Sistem PBB: Perhimpunan Agung • Majlis Keselamatan • Majlis Ekonomi dan Sosial • Majlis Penjagaan Amanah • Sekretariat • Mahkamah Keadilan Antarabangsa • Negara-negara anggota • Pemerhati Perhimpunan Agung Resolusi PBB: Perhimpunan Agung • Majlis Keselamatan |
 |
Rencana ini merupakan rencana stub. Bantulah Wikipedia mengembangkannya. |
