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代数基本定理 - Wikipedia

代数基本定理

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代数基本定理是由高斯证明的。它指出,复数n代数方程

f\left(x \right)=\sum_{i=0}^{n}a_{i}x^{i}=0 \quad \left(n \in \mathbb{Z}, n \ge 1 \right)

在复数域中至少有一个根。

定理的推论指出,每个n次代数方程在复数域中有且仅有n个根(k重根按k个计算)。

高斯一生总共对这个定理给出了四个证明,其中第一个是在他22岁时(1799年)的博士论文中给出的。高斯给出的证明既有几何的,也有函数的,还有积分的方法。高斯关于这一命题的证明方法是去证明其根的存在性,开创了关于研究存在性命题的新途径。

同时,高次代数方程的求解仍然是一大难题。阿贝尔定理指出,对于一般的五次及五次以上的方程,不存在一般的代数解。

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