伏拉地米爾·納波科夫
维基百科，自由的百科全书
伏拉地米爾·納波科夫（俄：Владимир Владимирович Набоков;英：Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov）（1899年4月23日 — 1977年7月2日）是一名俄裔美国作家，1899年出生于俄罗斯圣彼得堡。他在俄罗斯创作了他的第一部文学作品《罗莉塔》， but rose to international prominence as a masterly prose stylist for the novels he composed in English. ，他同样也在昆虫学、象棋等领域有所贡献。
納波科夫在1955年所写的《罗莉塔》，是在二十世纪受到关注并且获得极大荣誉的一部小说。作者再于1962年发表英文小说《微暗的火》。这些作品展现了納波科夫对于咬文嚼字以及细节描写的钟爱。
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[编辑] 传记
伏拉地米爾·納波科夫是弗拉季米爾·德米特里耶維奇·納博科夫和他的妻子Elena所生孩子中年龄最大的，是家中的长子。伏拉地米爾·納波科夫出生在当时地位显赫并且富有的家庭。他的孩童时代在圣彼得堡度过。伏拉地米爾·納波科夫的家庭使用着三种语言俄罗斯语、英语、法语，所以納波科夫在孩童时代就能讲三种语言。
1917年俄国二月革命爆发，伏拉地米爾·納波科夫一家离开苏联，前往克里米亚，他们在那里住了18个月。在克里米亚的白军起义失败之后，納波科夫一家离开苏联前往欧洲西部开始背井离乡的生活。在1919年从俄国移民之后，納波科夫一家在英国定居，在英国，納波科夫成为剑桥大学三一学院的一名学生，有计划的学习斯拉夫语和罗曼语。
在1923年，他从剑桥大学毕业前往柏林。在柏林用Vladimir Sirin写作，获得了一些诗人与作家应有的名誉。他与Véra Slonim 在柏林1925年结婚，1934年他们的第一个儿子Dmitri出世。
In 1922, Nabokov's father was assassinated in Berlin by Russian monarchists as he tried to shelter their real target, Pavel Milyukov, a leader of the Constitutional Democratic Party-in-exile. This episode, of mistaken, violent death, would echo again and again in the author's fiction, where characters would meet their violent deaths under mistaken terms. In Pale Fire, for example, John Shade is mistaken for the king of Zembla and is assassinated.
Nabokov was a synaesthete and described aspects of synaesthesia in several of his works. In his memoir Speak, Memory, he notes that his wife also exhibited synaesthesia; like her husband, her mind's eye associated colors with particular letters. They discovered that Dmitri shared the trait, and moreover that the colors he associated with some letters were in some cases blends of his parents' hues—"which is as if genes were painting in aquarelle".
Nabokov left Germany with his family in 1937 for Paris and in 1940 fled from the advancing German troops to the United States. It was here that he met Edmund Wilson, who introduced Nabokov's work to American editors, eventually leading to his international recognition.
Nabokov came to Wellesley College in 1941 as resident lecturer in comparative literature. The position, created specifically for him, provided an income and free time to write creatively and pursue his lepidoptery. Nabokov is remembered as the founder of Wellesley's Russian Department. His lecture series on major nineteenth-century Russian writers was hailed as "funny," "learned," and "brilliantly satirical." During this time, the Nabokovs resided in Wellesley. Following a lecture tour through the United States, Nabokov returned to Wellesley for the 1944-45 academic year as a lecturer in Russian. He served through the 1947–48 term as Wellesley's one-man Russian Department, offering courses in Russian language and literature. His classes were popular, due as much to his unique teaching style as to the wartime interest in all things Russian. At the same time he was curator of lepidoptery at Harvard's Museum of Comparative Biology. After being encouraged by Morris Bishop, Nabokov left Wellesley in 1948 to teach Russian and European literature at Cornell University. In 1945, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States.
After the success of Lolita, Nabokov was able to move to Europe and devote himself to writing. From 1960 to the end of his life he lived in the Montreux Palace Hotel in Montreux, Switzerland.
[编辑] 伏拉地米爾·納波科夫的出生日期
他的出生日期按照俄罗斯儒略历的计算方法是1899年4月10日，公历算法是在1899年4月22日比儒略历的计算方法相差了12天。一些来源错误的计算出他的出生日期是1899年4月23日，与1899年4月10日造成了13天的差异。这样更能说明伏拉地米爾·納波科夫的出生日期是在1899年4月22日。
