Empati
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Empati betyr evne til innlevelse og forståelse av andre mennesker. Det betyr ikke at man nødvendigvis er enig med andre mennesker, men at man kan forstå dem, hva gjelder følelser og handlinger; evnen til å se en situasjon fra et annet menneskes synsvinkel ut i fra dette menneskes forutsetninger og opphav.
Det motsatte vil være egosentrisme, som er manglende evne til å se en sak fra en annen synsvinkel enn sin egen.
[rediger] Definisjoner
C. D. Batson: “Other-oriented feelings congruent with the perceived welfare of another person.” Batson, C. D. (1994). Why act for the public good? Four answers. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 603-610, p. 606.
Nancy Eisenberg: “An affective response that stems from the apprehension or comprehension of another’s emotional state or condition, and that is similar to what the other person is feeling or would be expected to feel” (2002, p. 135). Eisenberg, N. (2002). Empathy-related emotional responses, altruism, and their socialization In R. J. Davidson & A. Harrington (Eds.). Visions of compassion: Western scientists and Tibetan Buddhists examine human nature (pp. 131-164). London: Oxford University Press.
Martin Hoffman: “An affective response more appropriate to another’s situation than one’s own” (1987, p. 48) Hoffman, M. L. (1987). The contribution of empathy to justice and moral judgment. In N. Eisenberg & J. Strayer (Eds.), Empathy and its development (pp. 47-80). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Roy Schafer: “Empathy involves the inner experience of sharing in and comprehending the mometary psychological state of another person” (1959, p. 345) Schafer, R. (1959). Generative empathy in the treatment situation. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 28, 342-373.
