21st United States Congress

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Contents 1 Dates of sessions 2 Major events 3 Major legislation 4 Party summary 4.1 Senate 4.2 House of Representatives 5 Leadership 5.1 Senate 5.2 House of Representatives 6 Members 6.1 Senate 6.2 House of Representatives 6.3 Delegates 7 Changes in Membership 7.1 Senate 7.2 House of Representatives 8 Officers 8.1 Senate 8.2 House of Representatives 8.3 Other 9 Notes 10 References 11 External links

The Twenty-first United States Congress was a meeting of the United States national legislature, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1829 to March 3, 1831, during the first two years of the first administration of U.S. President Andrew Jackson.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. Both chambers had a Jacksonian or Democratic majority.

[edit] Dates of sessions

March 4, 1829–March 3, 1831

• Special session of the Senate: March 4, 1829 – March 17, 1829
• First session: December 7, 1829 - May 31, 1830
• Second session: December 6, 1830 - March 3, 1831 — a lame duck session

Previous congress: 20th Congress
Next congress: 22nd Congress

[edit] Major events

Main article: Events of 1829; Events of 1830; Events of 1831

[edit] Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation in the 21st Congress

[edit] Party summary

The count below reflects party affiliation at the beginning of the first session of this congress, with the addition of members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Subsequent changes are reflected below in the "Changes in Membership" section.

[edit] Senate

• Democratic: 25 (majority)
• National Republican: 23

TOTAL members: 48

[edit] House of Representatives

• Democratic: 136 (majority)
• National Republican: 72
• Anti-Masonic: 5

TOTAL members: 213

[edit] Leadership

[edit] Senate

• Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):
  • John C. Calhoun, Democrat of South Carolina.
• President pro tempore of the Senate:
  • Samuel Smith, Democrat of Maryland, first elected March 13, 1829.

[edit] House of Representatives

• Speaker of the House
  • Andrew Stevenson, Democrat of Virginia, elected December 7, 1829.

[edit] Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

See also: 21st United States Congress - Political Parties

See also: 21st United States Congress - State Delegations

See also: United States House election, 1828

[edit] Senate

At this time, Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1832; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1834; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1830.

Alabama

• 2. William R. King (Dem.)
• 3. John McKinley (Dem.)

Connecticut

• 3. Calvin Willey (Nat.-Rep.)
• 1. Samuel A. Foote (Nat.-Rep.)

Delaware

• 1. Louis McLane (Nat.-Rep.) …resigned April 16, 1829.

  Arnold Naudain (Nat.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, January 7, 1830.

• 2. John M. Clayton (Nat.-Rep.)

Georgia

• 3. John M. Berrien (Dem.) …resigned March 9, 1829.

  John Forsyth (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, November 9, 1829.

• 2. George M. Troup (Dem.)

Illinois

• 3. Elias K. Kane (Dem.)
• 2. John McLean (Dem.) …died October 14, 1830.

  David J. Baker (Dem.) …appointed to fill vacancy, November 12, 1830.

  John M. Robinson (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, December 11, 1830.

Indiana

• 1. James Noble (Nat.-Rep.) …died February 26, 1831.
• 3. William Hendricks (Nat.-Rep.)

Kentucky

• 3. John Rowan (Dem.)
• 2. George M. Bibb (Dem.)

Louisiana

• 3. Josiah S. Johnston (Nat.-Rep.)
• 2. Edward Livingston (Dem.)

Maine

• 1. John Holmes (Nat.-Rep.)
• 2. Peleg Sprague (Nat.-Rep.)

Maryland

• 1. Samuel Smith (Dem.)
• 3. Ezekiel F. Chambers (Nat.-Rep.)

Massachusetts

• 2. Nathaniel Silsbee (Nat.-Rep.)
• 1. Daniel Webster (Nat.-Rep.)

Mississippi

• 1. Powhatan Ellis (Dem.)
• 2. Thomas B. Reed (Dem.) …died November 26, 1829.

  George Poindexter (Dem.) …appointed to fill vacancy, seated October 15, 1830, subsequently elected.

  Robert H. Adams (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, January 6, 1830, died July 2, 1830.

Missouri

• 3. David Barton (Nat.-Rep.)
• 1. Thomas H. Benton (Dem.)

New Hampshire

• 2. Samuel Bell (Nat.-Rep.)
• 3. Levi Woodbury (Dem.)

New Jersey

• 1. Mahlon Dickerson (Dem.)
• 2. Theodore Frelinghuysen (Nat.-Rep.)

New York

• 3. Nathan Sanford (Nat.-Rep.)
• 1. Charles E. Dudley (Dem.)

North Carolina

• 2. John Branch (Dem.) …resigned March 9, 1829.

  Bedford Brown (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, December 9, 1829.

• 3. James Iredell (Dem.)

Ohio

• 1. Benjamin Ruggles (Nat.-Rep.)
• 3. Jacob Burnet (Nat.-Rep.)

Pennsylvania

• 3. William Marks (Nat.-Rep.)
• 1. Isaac D. Barnard (Dem.)

Rhode Island

• 2. Nehemiah R. Knight (Nat.-Rep.)
• 1. Asher Robbins (Nat.-Rep.)

South Carolina

• 2. Robert Y. Hayne (Dem.)
• 3. William Smith (Dem.)

Tennessee

• 1. John H. Eaton (Dem.) …resigned March 9, 1829.

  Felix Grundy (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, October 19, 1829.

• 2. Hugh L. White (Dem.)

Vermont

• 1. Horatio Seymour (Nat.-Rep.)
• 3. Dudley Chase (Nat.-Rep.)

Virginia

• 2. Littleton W. Tazewell (Dem.)
• 1. John Tyler (Dem.)

[edit] House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

Alabama

• 1. Clement C. Clay (Dem.)
• 2. Robert E.B. Baylor (Dem.)
• 3. Dixon H. Lewis (Dem.)

Connecticut ^[1]

• A/L. Noyes Barber (Nat.-Rep.)
• A/L. William W. Ellsworth (Nat.-Rep.)
• A/L. Jabez W. Huntington (Nat.-Rep.)
• A/L. Ralph I. Ingersoll (Nat.-Rep.)
• A/L. William L. Storrs (Nat.-Rep.)
• A/L. Ebenezer Young (Nat.-Rep.)

Delaware

• A/L. Kensey Johns, Jr. (Nat.-Rep.)

Georgia ^[2]

• A/L. Thomas F. Foster (Dem.)
• A/L. Charles E. Haynes (Dem.)
• A/L. Henry G. Lamar (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1829.
• A/L. Wilson Lumpkin (Dem.)
• A/L. Wiley Thompson (Dem.)
• A/L. James M. Wayne (Dem.)
• A/L. Richard H. Wilde (Dem.)

Illinois

• A/L. Joseph Duncan (Dem.)

Indiana

• 1. Ratliff Boon (Dem.)
• 2. Jonathan Jennings (Nat.-Rep.)
• 3. John Test (Nat.-Rep.)

Kentucky

• 1. Henry Daniel (Dem.)
• 2. Nicholas D. Coleman (Dem.)
• 3. James Clark (Nat.-Rep.)
• 4. Robert P. Letcher (Nat.-Rep.)
• 5. Richard M. Johnson (Dem.)
• 6. Joseph Lecompte (Dem.)
• 7. John Kincaid (Dem.)
• 8. Nathan Gaither (Dem.)
• 9. Charles A. Wickliffe (Dem.)
• 10. Joel Yancey (Dem.)
• 11. Thomas Chilton (Dem.)
• 12. Chittenden Lyon (Dem.)

Louisiana

• 1. Edward D. White (Nat.-Rep.)
• 2. Henry H. Gurley (Nat.-Rep.)
• 3. Walter H. Overton (Dem.)

Maine

• 1. Rufus McIntire (Dem.)
• 2. John Anderson (Dem.)
• 3. Joseph F. Wingate (Nat.-Rep.)
• 4. George Evans (Nat.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy from preceding Congress, seated December 7, 1829.
• 5. James W. Ripley (Dem.) …resigned March 12, 1830.

  Cornelius Holland (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 6, 1830.

• 6. Leonard Jarvis (Dem.)
• 7. Samuel Butman (Nat.-Rep.)

Maryland ^[3]

• 1. Clement Dorsey (Nat.-Rep.)
• 2. Benedict J. Semmes (Nat.-Rep.)
• 3. George C. Washington (Nat.-Rep.)
• 4. Michael C. Sprigg (Dem.)
• 5. Elias Brown (Dem.)
• 5. Benjamin C. Howard (Dem.)
• 6. George E. Mitchell (Dem.)
• 7. Richard Spencer (Dem.)
• 8. Ephraim K. Wilson (Dem.)

Massachusetts

• 1. Benjamin Gorham (Nat.-Rep.)
• 2. Benjamin W. Crowninshield (Nat.-Rep.)
• 3. John Varnum (Nat.-Rep.)
• 4. Edward Everett (Nat.-Rep.)
• 5. John Davis (Nat.-Rep.)
• 6. Joseph G. Kendall (Nat.-Rep.)
• 7. George Grennell, Jr. (Nat.-Rep.)
• 8. Isaac C. Bates (Nat.-Rep.)
• 9. Henry W. Dwight (Nat.-Rep.)
• 10. John Bailey (Nat.-Rep.)
• 11. Joseph Richardson (Nat.-Rep.)
• 12. James L. Hodges (Nat.-Rep.)
• 13. John Reed (Nat.-Rep.)

Mississippi

• A/L. Thomas Hinds (Dem.)

Missouri

• A/L. Spencer D. Pettis (Dem.)

New Hampshire ^[4]

• A/L. John Brodhead (Dem.)
• A/L. Thomas Chandler (Dem.)
• A/L. Joseph Hammons (Dem.)
• A/L. Jonathan Harvey (Dem.)
• A/L. Henry Hubbard (Dem.)
• A/L. John W. Weeks (Dem.)

New Jersey ^[5]

• A/L. Lewis Condict (Nat.-Rep.)
• A/L. Richard M. Cooper (Nat.-Rep.)
• A/L. Thomas H. Hughes (Nat.-Rep.)
• A/L. Isaac Pierson (Nat.-Rep.)
• A/L. James F. Randolph (Nat.-Rep.)
• A/L. Samuel Swan (Nat.-Rep.)

New York ^[6]

• 1. James Lent (Dem.)
• 2. Jacob Crocheron (Dem.)
• 3. Churchill C. Cambreleng (Dem.)
• 3. Gulian C. Verplanck (Dem.)
• 3. Campbell P. White (Dem.)
• 4. Henry B. Cowles (Nat.-Rep.)
• 5. Abraham Bockee (Dem.)
• 6. Hector Craig (Dem.) …resigned July 12, 1830.

  Samuel W. Eager (Nat.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 6, 1830.

• 7. Charles G. De Witt (Dem.)
• 8. James Strong (Nat.-Rep.)
• 9. John D. Dickinson (Nat.-Rep.)
• 10. Ambrose Spencer (Nat.-Rep.)
• 11. Perkins King (Dem.)
• 12. Peter I. Borst (Dem.)
• 13. William G. Angel (Dem.)
• 14. Henry R. Storrs (Nat.-Rep.)
• 15. Michael Hoffman (Dem.)
• 16. Benedict Arnold (Nat.-Rep.)
• 17. John W. Taylor (Nat.-Rep.)
• 18. Henry C. Martindale (Nat.-Rep.)
• 19. Isaac Finch (Nat.-Rep.)
• 20. Joseph Hawkins (Nat.-Rep.)
• 20. George Fisher (Dem.) …contested election, served until February 5, 1830.

  Silas Wright, Jr. (Nat.-Rep.) …contested election, never served, resigned March 9, 1830.

  Jonah Sanford (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 6, 1830.

• 21. Robert Monell (Dem.) …resigned February 21, 1830.
• 22. Thomas Beekman (Nat.-Rep.)
• 23. Jonas Earll, Jr. (Dem.)
• 24. Gershom Powers (Dem.)
• 25. Thomas Maxwell (Dem.)
• 26. Jehiel H. Halsey (Dem.)
• 26. Robert S. Rose (Anti-Masonic)
• 27. Timothy Childs (Anti-Masonic)
• 28. John Magee (Dem.)
• 29. Phineas L. Tracy (Anti-Masonic)
• 30. Ebenezer F. Norton (Dem.)

North Carolina

• 1. Augustine H. Shepperd (Dem.)
• 2. Willis Alston (Dem.)
• 3. Thomas H. Hall (Dem.)
• 4. Jesse Speight (Dem.)
• 5. Gabriel Holmes (Dem.) …died September 26, 1829, before Congress assembled.

  Edward B. Dudley (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 14, 1829.

• 6. Robert Potter (Dem.)
• 7. Edmund Deberry (Nat.-Rep.)
• 8. Daniel L. Barringer (Dem.)
• 9. William B. Shepard (Nat.-Rep.)
• 10. Abraham Rencher (Dem.)
• 11. Henry W. Connor (Dem.)
• 12. Samuel P. Carson (Dem.)
• 13. Lewis Williams (Nat.-Rep.)

Ohio

• 1. James Findlay (Dem.)
• 2. James Shields (Dem.)
• 3. Joseph H. Crane (Nat.-Rep.)
• 4. Joseph Vance (Nat.-Rep.)
• 5. William Russell (Dem.)
• 6. William Creighton, Jr. (Nat.-Rep.)
• 7. Samuel F. Vinton (Nat.-Rep.)
• 8. William Stanbery (Dem.)
• 9. William W. Irvin (Dem.)
• 10. William Kennon, Sr. (Dem.)
• 11. John M. Goodenow (Nat.-Rep.) …resigned April 9, 1830, before Congress assembled.

  Humphrey H. Leavitt (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 6, 1830.

• 12. John Thomson (Dem.)
• 13. Elisha Whittlesey (Nat.-Rep.)
• 14. Mordecai Bartley (Nat.-Rep.)

Pennsylvania ^[7]

• 1. Joel B. Sutherland (Dem.)
• 2. Joseph Hemphill (Dem.)
• 3. Daniel H. Miller (Dem.)
• 4. James Buchanan (Dem.)
• 4. Joshua Evans, Jr. (Dem.)
• 4. George G. Leiper (Dem.)
• 5. John B. Sterigere (Dem.)
• 6. Innis Green (Dem.)
• 7. Joseph Fry, Jr. (Dem.)
• 7. Henry A. P. Muhlenberg (Dem.)
• 8. Samuel D. Ingham (Dem.) …resigned before Congress assembled.

  Peter Ihrie, Jr. (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1829.

• 8. George Wolf (Dem.) …resigned before Congress assembled.

  Samuel A. Smith (Dem.) ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1829.

• 9. James Ford (Dem.)
• 9. Alem Marr (Dem.)
• 9. Philander Stephens (Dem.)
• 10. Adam King (Dem.)
• 11. Thomas H. Crawford (Dem.)
• 11. William Ramsey (Dem.)
• 12. John Scott (Dem.)
• 13. Chauncey Forward (Dem.)
• 14. Thomas Irwin (Dem.)
• 15. William McCreery (Dem.)
• 16. William Wilkins (Dem.) …resigned before Congress assembled.

  Harmar Denny (Anti-Masonic) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 30, 1829.

• 16. John Gilmore (Dem.)
• 17. Richard Coulter (Dem.)
• 18. Thomas H. Sill (Nat.-Rep.)

Rhode Island ^[8]

• A/L. Tristam Burges (Nat.-Rep.)
• A/L. Dutee J. Pearce (Nat.-Rep.)

South Carolina

• 1. William Drayton (Dem.)
• 2. Robert W. Barnwell (Dem.)
• 3. John Campbell (Dem.)
• 4. William D. Martin (Dem.)
• 5. George McDuffie (Dem.)
• 6. Warren R. Davis (Dem.)
• 7. William T. Nuckolls (Dem.)
• 8. James Blair (Dem.)
• 9. Starling Tucker (Dem.)

Tennessee

• 1. John Blair (Dem.)
• 2. Pryor Lea (Dem.)
• 3. James I. Standifer (Dem.)
• 4. Jacob C. Isacks (Dem.)
• 5. Robert Desha (Dem.)
• 6. James K. Polk (Dem.)
• 7. John Bell (Dem.)
• 8. Cave Johnson (Dem.)
• 9. David Crockett (Nat.-Rep.)

Vermont

• 1. Jonathan Hunt (Nat.-Rep.)
• 2. Rollin C. Mallary (Nat.-Rep.)
• 3. Horace Everett (Nat.-Rep.)
• 4. Benjamin Swift (Nat.-Rep.)
• 5. William Cahoon (Anti-Masonic)

Virginia

• 1. Thomas Newton, Jr. (Nat.-Rep.) …contested election, served until March 9, 1830.

  George Loyall (Dem.) …contested election, seated March 9, 1830.

• 2. James Trezvant (Dem.)
• 3. William S. Archer (Dem.)
• 4. Mark Alexander (Dem.)
• 5. Thomas T. Bouldin (Dem.)
• 6. Thomas Davenport (Dem.)
• 7. Nathaniel H. Claiborne (Dem.)
• 8. Richard Coke, Jr. (Dem.)
• 9. Andrew Stevenson (Dem.)
• 10. William C. Rives (Dem.) …resigned in 1829.

  William F. Gordon (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 25, 1830.

• 11. Philip P. Barbour (Dem.) …resigned October 15, 1830.

  John M. Patton (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 6, 1830.

• 12. John Roane (Dem.)
• 13. John Taliaferro (Nat.-Rep.)
• 14. Charles F. Mercer (Nat.-Rep.)
• 15. John S. Barbour (Dem.)
• 16. William Armstrong (Nat.-Rep.)
• 17. Robert Allen (Dem.)
• 18. Philip Doddridge (Nat.-Rep.)
• 19. William McCoy (Dem.)
• 20. Robert Craig (Dem.)
• 21. Lewis Maxwell (Nat.-Rep.)
• 22. Alexander Smyth (Dem.) …died April 17, 1830.

  Joseph Draper (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 6, 1830.

[edit] Delegates

Arkansas Territory

• A/L. Ambrose H. Sevier (Dem.)

Florida Territory

• A/L. Joseph M. White

Michigan Territory

• A/L. John Biddle (Nat.-Rep.) …resigned February 21, 1831.

[edit] Changes in Membership

The counts below reflect changes from the beginning of the first session of this congress.

[edit] Senate

• replacements: 4
  • Democrats: no net change
  • National Republicans: no net change

• deaths: 4
• resignations: 4
• interim appointments: 1
• Total seats with changes: 7

[edit] House of Representatives

• replacements: 5
  • Democrats: 1 seat net loss
  • National Republicans: 1 seat net gain

• deaths: 2
• resignations: 10
• contested election: 2
• Total seats with changes: 15

[edit] Officers

[edit] Senate

• Secretary of the Senate:
  • Walter Lowrie of Pennsylvania elected December 12, 1825.
• Sergeant at Arms of the Senate:
  • Mountjoy Bayly of New Hampshire, elected November 6, 1811.
• Chaplain of the Senate
  • The Rev. William Ryland, Methodist, elected December 8, 1826.
  • The Rev. Henry V. Johns, Episcopalian, elected December 14, 1829.

[edit] House of Representatives

• Clerk of the House:
  • Matthew S. Clarke of Pennsylvania, elected December 7, 1829.
• Sergeant at Arms of the House:
  • John O. Dunn of District of Columbia, elected December 7, 1829.
• Doorkeeper of the House:
  • Benjamin Birch of Maryland, elected December 7, 1829.
• Chaplain of the House
  • The Rev. Reuben Post, Presbyterian, elected December 7, 1829.
  • The Rev. Ralph R. Gurley, Presbyterian, elected December 6, 1830.

[edit] Other

• Architect of the Capitol:
  • Charles Bulfinch, appointed January 8, 1818, office abolished June 25, 1829.

[edit] Notes

1. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
2. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
3. ^ the 5th district was a plural district with two representatives
4. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
5. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
6. ^ there were three plural districts, the 20th & 26th had two representatives each, the 3rd had three representatives
7. ^ there were six plural districts, the 7th, 8th, 11th & 16th had two representatives each, the 4th & 9th had three representatives each
8. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket

[edit] References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company.

[edit] External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789-1875 [1]
• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [2]
• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [3]
• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress [4]
• U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History [5]
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists [6]

	United States Congress Senate • Senators • Senate Leadership • Senate Committees • Senate elections House • Representatives • House Leadership • House Committees • House elections • Districts

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