16th United States Congress

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Contents 1 Dates of sessions 2 Major events 3 Major legislation 4 Party summary 4.1 Senate 4.2 House of Representatives 5 Leadership 5.1 Senate 5.2 House of Representatives 6 Members 6.1 Senate 6.2 House of Representatives 6.3 Delegates 7 Changes in Membership 7.1 Senate 7.2 House of Representatives 8 Officers 8.1 Senate 8.2 House of Representatives 8.3 Other 9 Notes 10 References 11 External links

The Sixteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the United States national legislature, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1819 to March 3, 1821, during the last two years of the first administration of U.S. President James Monroe.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Third Census of the United States in 1810. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.

[edit] Dates of sessions

March 4, 1819–March 3, 1821

• First session: December 6, 1819 - May 15, 1820
• Second session: November 13, 1820 - March 3, 1821 — a lame duck session

Previous congress: 15th Congress
Next congress: 17th Congress

[edit] Major events

Main article: Events of 1819; Events of 1820; Events of 1821

[edit] Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation in the 16th Congress

• December 14, 1819, Alabama was admitted as a state into the Union.
• March 6, 1820 - Missouri Compromise, ch. 22, 3 Stat. 545
• March 15, 1820, Maine was admitted as a state into the Union. It was formerly part of Massachusetts.
• April 24, 1820 - Land Act of 1820, ch. 51, 3 Stat. 566

[edit] Party summary

The count below reflects party affiliation at the beginning of the first session of this congress, with the addition of members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Subsequent changes are reflected below in the "Changes in Membership" section.

[edit] Senate

• Democratic-Republican: 37 (majority)
• Federalist: 9

TOTAL members: 46

[edit] House of Representatives

• Democratic-Republican: 160 (majority)
• Federalist: 26

TOTAL members: 186

[edit] Leadership

[edit] Senate

• Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):
  • Daniel D. Tompkins, Democratic-Republican of New York.
• President pro tempore of the Senate:
  • James Barbour, Democratic-Republican of Virginia, elected December 6, 1819.
  • John Gaillard, Democratic-Republican of South Carolina, elected January 25, 1820.

[edit] House of Representatives

• Speaker of the House
  • Henry Clay, Democratic-Republican of Kentucky, elected December 6, 1819, resigned October 28, 1820.
  • John W. Taylor, Democratic-Republican of New York, elected November 15, 1820.

[edit] Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

See also: 16th United States Congress - Political Parties

See also: 16th United States Congress - State Delegations

See also: United States House election, 1818

[edit] Senate

At this time, Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1820; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1822; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1824.

Alabama

• 3. John W. Walker (Dem.-Rep.) …newly admitted state, elected December 14, 1819.
• 2. William R. King (Dem.-Rep.) …newly admitted state, elected December 14, 1819.

Connecticut

• 1. Samuel W. Dana (Fed.)
• 3. James Lanman (Dem.-Rep.)

Delaware

• 1. Outerbridge Horsey (Fed.)
• 2. Nicholas Van Dyke (Fed.)

Georgia

• 3. John Elliott (Dem.-Rep.)
• 2. Freeman Walker (Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy in preceding Congress, November 6, 1819.

Illinois

• 2. Jesse B. Thomas (Dem.-Rep.)
• 3. Ninian Edwards (Dem.-Rep.)

Indiana

• 1. James Noble (Dem.-Rep.)
• 3. Waller Taylor (Dem.-Rep.)

Kentucky

• 3. William Logan (Dem.-Rep.) …resigned May 28, 1820.

  Isham Talbot (Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, October 19, 1820.

• 2. Richard M. Johnson (Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy in preceding Congress, December 10, 1819.

Louisiana

• 2. Henry Johnson (Dem.-Rep.)
• 3. James Brown (Dem.-Rep.)

Maine

• 2. John Chandler (Dem.-Rep.) …newly admitted state, elected June 14, 1820.
• 1. John Holmes (Dem.-Rep.) …newly admitted state, elected June 13, 1820.

Maryland

• 1. Alexander C. Hanson (Fed.) ...died April 23, 1819.

  William Pinkney (Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, December 21, 1819.

• 3. Edward Lloyd (Dem.-Rep.) ...elected to fill vacancy in class, December 21, 1819.

Massachusetts

• 2. Harrison Gray Otis (Fed.)
• 1. Prentiss Mellen (Fed.) …resigned May 15, 1820.

  Elijah H. Mills (Fed.) ...elected to fill vacancy, June 12, 1820.

Mississippi

• 1. Walter Leake (Dem.-Rep.) …resigned May 15, 1820.

  David Holmes (Dem.-Rep.) …appointed to fill vacancy August 30, 1820, subsequently elected.

• 2. Thomas H. Williams (Dem.-Rep.)

New Hampshire

• 2. David L. Morril (Dem.-Rep.)
• 3. John F. Parrott (Dem.-Rep.)

New Jersey

• 1. James J. Wilson (Dem.-Rep.) …resigned January 8, 1821.

  Samuel L. Southard (Dem.-Rep.) …appointed to fill vacancy January 26, 1821, subsequently elected.

• 2. Mahlon Dickerson (Dem.-Rep.)

New York

• 3. Rufus King (Fed.)
• 1. Nathan Sanford (Dem.-Rep.)

North Carolina

• 3. Nathaniel Macon (Dem.-Rep.)
• 2. Montfort Stokes (Dem.-Rep.)

Ohio

• 1. Benjamin Ruggles (Dem.-Rep.)
• 3. William A. Trimble (Dem.-Rep.)

Pennsylvania

• 1. Jonathan Roberts (Dem.-Rep.)
• 3. Walter Lowrie (Dem.-Rep.)

Rhode Island

• 1. William Hunter (Fed.)
• 2. James Burrill, Jr. (Fed.) …died December 25, 1820.

  Nehemiah R. Knight (Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, January 9, 1821.

South Carolina

• 3. John Gaillard (Dem.-Rep.)
• 2. William Smith (Dem.-Rep.)

Tennessee

• 2. John Williams (Dem.-Rep.)
• 1. John H. Eaton (Dem.-Rep.)

Vermont

• 1. Isaac Tichenor (Fed.)
• 3. William A. Palmer (Dem.-Rep.)

Virginia

• 1. James Barbour (Dem.-Rep.)
• 2. John W. Eppes (Dem.-Rep.) …resigned December 4, 1819.

  James Pleasants (Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, December 10, 1819.

[edit] House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

Alabama

• A/L. John Crowell (Dem.-Rep.) …newly admitted state, seated December 14, 1819.

Connecticut ^[1]

• A/L. Henry W. Edwards (Dem.-Rep.)
• A/L. Samuel A. Foote (Fed.)
• A/L. Jonathan O. Moseley (Fed.)
• A/L. Elisha Phelps (Dem.-Rep.)
• A/L. John Russ (Dem.-Rep.)
• A/L. James Stevens (Dem.-Rep.)
• A/L. Gideon Tomlinson (Dem.-Rep.)

Delaware ^[2]

• A/L. Willard Hall (Dem.-Rep.) …resigned January 22, 1819.
• A/L. Louis McLane (Fed.)

Georgia ^[3]

• A/L. Joel Abbott (Dem.-Rep.)
• A/L. Thomas W. Cobb (Dem.-Rep.)
• A/L. Joel Crawford (Dem.-Rep.)
• A/L. John A. Cuthbert (Dem.-Rep.)
• A/L. Robert R. Reid (Dem.-Rep.)
• A/L. William Terrell (Dem.-Rep.)

Illinois

• A/L. Daniel P. Cook (Dem.-Rep.)

Indiana

• A/L. William Hendricks (Dem.-Rep.)

Kentucky

• 1. David Trimble (Dem.-Rep.)
• 2. Henry Clay (Dem.-Rep.)
• 3. William Brown (Dem.-Rep.)
• 4. Thomas Metcalfe (Fed.)
• 5. Alney McLean (Dem.-Rep.)
• 6. David Walker (Dem.-Rep.) …died March 1, 1820.

  Francis Johnson (Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated November 13, 1820.

• 7. George Robertson (Dem.-Rep.)
• 8. Richard C. Anderson, Jr. (Dem.-Rep.)
• 9. Tunstall Quarles (Dem.-Rep.) …resigned June 15, 1820.

  Thomas Montgomery (Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated November 13, 1820.

• 10. Benjamin Hardin (Dem.-Rep.)

Louisiana

• A/L. Thomas Butler (Dem.-Rep.)

Maine

• A/L. Joseph Dane (Fed.) …newly admitted state, seated December 11, 1820.

Maryland ^[4]

• 1. Raphael Neale (Fed.)
• 2. Joseph Kent (Dem.-Rep.)
• 3. Henry R. Warfield (Dem.-Rep.)
• 4. Samuel Ringgold (Dem.-Rep.)
• 5. Peter Little (Dem.-Rep.)
• 5. Samuel Smith (Dem.-Rep.)
• 6. Stevenson Archer (Dem.-Rep.)
• 7. Thomas Culbreth (Dem.-Rep.)
• 8. Thomas Bayly (Fed.)

Massachusetts

• 1. Jonathan Mason (Fed.) …resigned May 15, 1820.

  Benjamin Gorham (Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated November 27, 1820.

• 2. Nathaniel Silsbee (Dem.-Rep.)
• 3. Jeremiah Nelson (Fed.)
• 4. Timothy Fuller (Dem.-Rep.)
• 5. Samuel Lathrop (Fed.)
• 6. Samuel C. Allen (Fed.)
• 7. Henry Shaw (Dem.-Rep.)
• 8. Zabdiel Sampson (Dem.-Rep.) …resigned July 26, 1820.

  Aaron Hobart (Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 18, 1820.

• 9. Walter Folger, Jr. (Dem.-Rep.)
• 10. Marcus Morton (Dem.-Rep.)
• 11. Benjamin Adams (Fed.)
• 12. Jonas Kendall (Fed.)
• 13. Edward Dowse (Dem.-Rep.) …resigned May 26, 1820.

  William Eustis (Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated November 13, 1820.

• 14. John Holmes (Dem.-Rep.) …resigned March 15, 1820.
• 15. Ezekiel Whitman (Fed.)
• 16. Mark L. Hill (Dem.-Rep.)
• 17. Martin Kinsley (Dem.-Rep.)
• 18. James Parker (Dem.-Rep.)
• 19. Joshua Cushman (Dem.-Rep.)
• 20. Enoch Lincoln (Dem.-Rep.)

Mississippi

• A/L. Christopher Rankin (Dem.-Rep.)

New Hampshire ^[5]

• A/L. Joseph Buffum, Jr. (Dem.-Rep.)
• A/L. Josiah Butler (Dem.-Rep.)
• A/L. Clifton Clagett (Dem.-Rep.)
• A/L. Arthur Livermore (Dem.-Rep.)
• A/L. William Plumer, Jr. (Dem.-Rep.)
• A/L. Nathaniel Upham (Dem.-Rep.)

New Jersey ^[6]

• A/L. Ephraim Bateman (Dem.-Rep.)
• A/L. Joseph Bloomfield (Dem.-Rep.)
• A/L. John Condit (Dem.-Rep.) …resigned November 4, 1819.

  Charles Kinsey (Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated February 16, 1820.

• A/L. John Linn (Dem.-Rep.) …died January 5, 1821.
• A/L. Bernard Smith (Dem.-Rep.)
• A/L. Henry Southard (Dem.-Rep.)

New York ^[7]

• 1. Ebenezer Sage (Dem.-Rep.) …contested election, never qualified.

  James Guyon, Jr. (Dem.-Rep.) …contested election, seated January 14, 1820.

• 1. Silas Wood (Dem.-Rep.)
• 2. Henry Meigs (Dem.-Rep.)
• 2. Peter H. Wendover (Dem.-Rep.)
• 3. Caleb Tompkins (Dem.-Rep.)
• 4. Randall S. Street (Dem.-Rep.)
• 5. James Strong (Dem.-Rep.)
• 6. Walter Case (Dem.-Rep.)
• 7. Jacob H. De Witt (Dem.-Rep.)
• 8. Robert Clark (Dem.-Rep.)
• 9. Solomon V. Van Rensselaer (Fed.)
• 10. John D. Dickinson (Fed.)
• 11. John W. Taylor (Dem.-Rep.)
• 12. Ezra C. Gross (Dem.-Rep.)
• 12. Nathaniel Pitcher (Dem.-Rep.)
• 13. Harmanus Peek (Dem.-Rep.)
• 14. John Fay (Dem.-Rep.)
• 15. Joseph S. Lyman (Dem.-Rep.)
• 15. Robert Monell (Dem.-Rep.)
• 16. Henry R. Storrs (Fed.)
• 17. Aaron Hackley, Jr. (Dem.-Rep.)
• 18. William D. Ford (Dem.-Rep.)
• 19. George Hall (Dem.-Rep.)
• 20. Caleb Baker (Dem.-Rep.)
• 20. Jonathan Richmond (Dem.-Rep.)
• 21. Nathaniel Allen (Dem.-Rep.)
• 21. Albert H. Tracy (Fed.)

North Carolina

• 1. Lemuel Sawyer (Dem.-Rep.)
• 2. Hutchins G. Burton (Dem.-Rep.)
• 3. Thomas H. Hall (Dem.-Rep.)
• 4. Jesse Slocumb (Fed.) …died December 20, 1821.

  William S. Blackledge (Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated February 7, 1821.

• 5. Charles Hooks (Dem.-Rep.)
• 6. Weldon N. Edwards (Dem.-Rep.)
• 7. John Culpepper (Fed.)
• 8. James S. Smith (Dem.-Rep.)
• 9. Thomas Settle (Dem.-Rep.)
• 10. Charles Fisher (Dem.-Rep.)
• 11. William Davidson (Fed.)
• 12. Felix Walker (Dem.-Rep.)
• 13. Lewis Williams (Dem.-Rep.)

Ohio

• 1. Thomas R. Ross (Dem.-Rep.)
• 2. John W. Campbell (Dem.-Rep.)
• 3. Henry Brush (Dem.-Rep.)
• 4. Samuel Herrick (Dem.-Rep.)
• 5. Philemon Beecher (Dem.-Rep.)
• 6. John Sloane (Dem.-Rep.)

Pennsylvania ^[8]

• 1. Samuel Edwards (Fed.)
• 1. Thomas Forrest (Fed.)
• 1. Joseph Hemphill (Fed.)
• 1. John Sergeant (Fed.)
• 2. William Darlington (Dem.-Rep.)
• 2. Samuel Gross (Dem.-Rep.)
• 3. Jacob Hibshman (Dem.-Rep.)
• 3. James M. Wallace (Dem.-Rep.)
• 4. Jacob Hostetter (Dem.-Rep.)
• 5. Andrew Boden (Dem.-Rep.)
• 5. David Fullerton (Dem.-Rep.) …resigned May 15, 1820.

  Thomas G. McCullough (Fed.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated November 13, 1820.

• 6. Samuel Moore (Dem.-Rep.)
• 6. Thomas J. Rogers (Dem.-Rep.)
• 7. Joseph Hiester (Dem.-Rep.) …resigned December 1820.

  Daniel Udree (Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 8, 1821

• 8. Robert Philson (Dem.-Rep.)
• 9. William P. Maclay (Dem.-Rep.)
• 10. George Denison (Dem.-Rep.)
• 10. John Murray (Dem.-Rep.)
• 11. David Marchand (Dem.-Rep.)
• 12. Thomas Patterson (Dem.-Rep.)
• 13. Christian Tarr (Dem.-Rep.)
• 14. Henry Baldwin (Dem.-Rep.)
• 15. Robert Moore (Dem.-Rep.)

Rhode Island ^[9]

• A/L. Samuel Eddy (Dem.-Rep.)
• A/L. Nathaniel Hazard (Dem.-Rep.) …died December 17, 1820.

South Carolina

• 1. Charles Pinckney (Dem.-Rep.)
• 2. William Lowndes (Dem.-Rep.)
• 3. James Ervin (Dem.-Rep.)
• 4. James Overstreet (Dem.-Rep.)
• 5. Starling Tucker (Dem.-Rep.)
• 6. Eldred Simkins (Dem.-Rep.)
• 7. Elias Earle (Dem.-Rep.)
• 8. John McCreary (Dem.-Rep.)
• 9. Joseph Brevard (Dem.-Rep.)

Tennessee

• 1. Robert Allen (Dem.-Rep.)
• 2. Henry H. Bryan (Dem.-Rep.)
• 3. Francis Jones (Dem.-Rep.)
• 4. Newton Cannon (Dem.-Rep.)
• 5. John Rhea (Dem.-Rep.)
• 6. John Cocke (Dem.-Rep.)

Vermont ^[10]

• A/L. Samuel C. Crafts (Dem.-Rep.)
• A/L. Ezra Meech (Dem.-Rep.)
• A/L. Orsamus C. Merrill (Dem.-Rep.) …contested election, served until January 12, 1820.

  Rollin C. Mallary (Dem.-Rep.) …contested election, seated January 13, 1820.

• A/L. Charles Rich (Dem.-Rep.)
• A/L. Mark Richards (Dem.-Rep.)
• A/L. William Strong (Dem.-Rep.)

Virginia

• 1. James Pindall (Fed.) …resigned July 26, 1820.

  Edward B. Jackson (Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated November 13, 1820.

• 2. Thomas Van Swearingen (Dem.-Rep.)
• 3. George Tucker (Dem.-Rep.)
• 4. William McCoy (Dem.-Rep.)
• 5. John Floyd (Dem.-Rep.)
• 6. Alexander Smyth (Dem.-Rep.)
• 7. Ballard Smith (Dem.-Rep.)
• 8. Jared Williams (Dem.-Rep.)
• 9. William L. Ball (Dem.-Rep.)
• 10. George F. Strother (Dem.-Rep.) …resigned February 10, 1820.

  Thomas L. Moore (Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated November 13, 1820.

• 11. Philip P. Barbour (Dem.-Rep.)
• 12. Robert S. Garnett (Dem.-Rep.)
• 13. Severn E. Parker (Dem.-Rep.)
• 14. William A. Burwell (Dem.-Rep.) …died February 16, 1821.
• 15. Charles F. Mercer (Fed.)
• 16. John Randolph (Dem.-Rep.)
• 17. James Pleasants (Dem.-Rep.) …resigned December 14, 1819.

  William S. Archer (Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 18, 1820.

• 18. Mark Alexander (Dem.-Rep.)
• 19. James Jones (Dem.-Rep.)
• 20. James Johnson (Dem.-Rep.) …resigned February 1, 1820.

  John C. Gray (Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated November 13, 1820.

• 21. Thomas Newton, Jr. (Dem.-Rep.)
• 22. John Tyler (Dem.-Rep.)
• 23. Hugh Nelson (Dem.-Rep.)

[edit] Delegates

Arkansas Territory

• A/L. John W. Bates …seated March 2, 1820.

Michigan Territory

• A/L. Solomon Sibley …elected to fill vacancy, seated November 20, 1820.
• William Woodbridge …seated March 2, 1820, resigned August 9, 1820

Missouri Territory

• A/L. John Scott

[edit] Changes in Membership

The counts below reflect changes from the beginning of the first session of this congress.

Alabama and Maine were newly admitted as states and are first represented in this Congress.

See also: 16th United States Congress - Membership Changes

[edit] Senate

• replacements: 5
  • Democratic-Republicans: 1 seat net gain
  • Federalists: 1 seat net loss

• deaths: 2
• resignations: 5
• vacancies: 3
• new state seats: 4
• Total seats with changes: 14

[edit] House of Representatives

• replacements: 14
  • Democratic-Republicans: 1 seat net gain
  • Federalists: 1 seat net loss

• deaths: 5
• resignations: 13
• contested election: 2
• new state seats: 2
• Total seats with changes: 22

[edit] Officers

[edit] Senate

• Secretary of the Senate:
  • Charles Cutts of New Hampshire elected October 11, 1814.
• Sergeant at Arms of the Senate:
  • Mountjoy Bayly of New Hampshire, elected November 6, 1811.
• Chaplain of the Senate
  • The Rev. Reuben Post, Presbyterian, elected December 9, 1819.
  • The Rev. William Ryland, Methodist, elected November 17, 1820.

[edit] House of Representatives

• Clerk of the House:
  • Thomas Dougherty of Kentucky, elected December 6, 1819.
• Sergeant at Arms of the House:
  • Thomas Dunn of Maryland, elected December 6, 1819.
• Doorkeeper of the House:
  • Thomas Claxton, elected December 6, 1819.
• Chaplain of the House
  • The Rev. Burgess Allison, Baptist, elected December 6, 1819.
  • The Rev. John N. Campbell, Presbyterian, elected November 18, 1820.

[edit] Other

• Architect of the Capitol:
  • Charles Bulfinch, appointed January 8, 1818.

[edit] Notes

1. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
2. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
3. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
4. ^ the 5th district was a plural district with two representatives
5. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
6. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
7. ^ there were six plural districts, the 1st, 2nd, 12th, 15th, 20th & 21st, each had two representatives
8. ^ there were six plural districts, the 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th & 10th had two representatives each, the 1st had four representatives
9. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
10. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket

[edit] References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company.

[edit] External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789-1875 [1]
• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [2]
• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [3]
• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress [4]
• U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History [5]
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists [6]

	United States Congress Senate • Senators • Senate Leadership • Senate Committees • Senate elections House • Representatives • House Leadership • House Committees • House elections • Districts

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