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[[Image:{{{بېرغ}}}\|125px\|د {{{عام نوم}}} بېرغ]]	[[Image:{{{نښان}}}\|110px\|د {{{عام نوم}}} نښان]]
[[د {{{عام نوم}}} بېرغ\|بېرغ]]	[[د {{{عام نوم}}} نښان\|نښان]]

Motto: Jepilpilin ke ejukaan (Marshallese for "The people live long" or "Accomplishment through Joint Effort"?)

ملي ترانه: {{{ملي سرود}}}

[[Image:{{{نخشه}}}|250px|د {{{عام نوم}}} موقيعت]]

پلازمېنه {{{پلازمېنه}}}
7°7′ N 171°4′ E

[[د {{{عام نوم}}} لوی ښار|لوی ښار ]] {{{لوی ښار}}}

(رسمي ژبه/ ژبې) {{{رسمي ژبه}}}

حکومت

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مساحت
• ټولټال

• اوبه (%) [[{{{د مساحت ارتوالی}}} m²|{{{مساحت}}} km²]] {{{مساحتي وېش}}}
69.8 mi²
{{{د اوبو سلنه}}}

د وګړو شمېر
• [[As of {{{د وګړو د شمېر د اټکل کال}}}|{{{د وګړو د شمېر د اټکل کال}}}]] est.
• [[As of {{{د وګړو د سرشمېرنې کال}}}|{{{د وګړو د سرشمېرنې کال}}}]] census
• ګڼه ګونه {{{د وګړو اټکل}}} (205th)
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{{{د وګړو ګڼه ګونه}}}/km² (28th)
{{{د وګړو ګڼه ګونهmi²}}}/mi²

GDP (PPP)
• ټولټال
• Per capita 2001 estimate
$115 million (220th)
$1,600 (2001 est.) (195th)

HDI (n/a) n/a (n/a) – unranked

پېسه {{{پېسه}}} ({{{د پېسو نښه}}})

د ساعت توپير
• Summer (DST) {{{وخت}}} (UTC+ 12)
(UTC)

د انټرنېت م.م(TLD) .mh

هېوادنی کوډ {{{هېوادنی کوډ}}}

ټيليفوني پېل ګڼ +{{{پېل ګڼ}}}

The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), is a Micronesian island nation in the western Pacific Ocean, located north of Nauru and Kiribati, east of the Federated States of Micronesia and south of the U.S. territory of Wake Island.

[سمادول] History

Main article: History of the Marshall Islands

While settled by Micronesians in the 2nd millennium BC, little is known of the early history of the islands. Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar was the first European to sight the Marshalls in 1526, but the islands remained virtually unvisited by Europeans for several more centuries, before being visited by English captain John Marshall in 1788; the islands owe their name to him.

A German trading company settled on the islands in 1885, and they became part of the protectorate of German New Guinea some years later. Japan conquered the islands in World War I, and administered them as a League of Nations mandate.

In World War II, the United States invaded the islands (1944), and they were added to the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (including several more island groups in the South Sea).

In 1979 the Republic of the Marshall Islands was established and a Compact of Free Association with the U.S. government was signed, becoming effective in 1986. The independence was formally completed under international law in 1990, when the UN officially ended the trust given to the USA.

[سمادول] Administrative divisions

Main article: Municipalities of the Marshall Islands

The Marshall Islands have no formal administrative division, but are divided into 25 legislative districts, which correspond to the inhabited islands and atolls of the country.

Ailinglaplap Atoll (legislative district)
Ailuk Atoll (legislative district)
Arno (legislative district)
Aur Atoll (legislative district)
Ebon Atoll (legislative district)
Enewetak Atoll (legislative district)
Jabat Island (legislative district)
Jaluit Atoll (legislative district)
Kili Island (legislative district)
Kwajalein Atoll (legislative district)
Lae Atoll (legislative district)
Lib Island (legislative district)
Likiep Atoll (legislative district)
Majuro Atoll (legislative district)
Maloelap Atoll (legislative district)
Mejit Island (legislative district)
Mili Atoll (legislative district)
Namorik Atoll (or Namdrik; legislative district)
Namu Atoll (legislative district)
Rongelap Atoll (legislative district)
Ujae Atoll (legislative district)
Ujelang Atoll (legislative district)
Utirik Atoll (or Utrik; legislative district)
Wotho Atoll (legislative district)
Wotje Atoll (legislative district)

[سمادول] Geography

Main article: Geography of the Marshall Islands

Map of the Marshall Islands

Average monthly temperatures (red) and precipitation (blue) on Majuro.

The country consists of 29 atolls and 5 isolated islands. The most important atolls and islands form two groups: the Ratak Chain and the Ralik Chain (meaning "sunrise" and "sunset" chains). Two-thirds of the nation's population lives on Majuro (which is also the capital) and Ebeye. The outer islands are sparsely populated due to lack of employment opportunities and economic development. Life on the outer atolls is generally still fairly traditional, and the nutrition of the rural population, being grown and caught, is superior that of most of the urban residents, who rely considerably on white rice.

The uninhabited atolls include:

Ailinginae Atoll
Bikar Atoll (or Bikaar)
Bikini Atoll
Bokak Atoll
Erikub Atoll
Jemo Island
Nadikdik Atoll (or Knox)
Rongerik Atoll
Toke Atoll

The climate is hot and humid, with a wet season from May to November. The islands occasionally suffer from typhoons.

[سمادول] Economy

Main article: Economy of the Marshall Islands

United States Government assistance is the mainstay of the economy. Agricultural production is concentrated on small farms, and the most important commercial crops are coconuts, tomatoes, melons, and breadfruit. Small-scale industry is limited to handicrafts, fish processing, and copra. The tourist industry, now a small source of foreign exchange employing less than 10% of the labor force, remains the best hope for future added income. The islands have few natural resources, and imports far exceed exports. Around 1999 a tuna loining plant was built and employed upwards of 400 people, mostly women. After absorbing significant training costs and lack of government assistance the plant was closed in 2005. Although the plant brought almost $6 million into the economy, and provided a significant number of jobs that previously had not existed, the government let the plant close and chose not to provide any incentives to the owners to keep it open. Under the terms of the Amended Compact of Free Association, the US will provide millions of dollars per year to the Marshall Islands (RMI) through 2023, at which time a Trust Fund made up of US and RMI contributions will begin perpetual annual payouts. Government downsizing, drought, a drop in construction, the decline in tourism and foreign investment due to the Asian financial difficulties, and less income from the renewal of fishing vessel licenses have held GDP growth to an average of 1% over the past decade.

The United States also maintains the U.S. Army's Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site on Kwajalein Atoll. It is an important aspect of the Marshallese economy, as the Marshallese land owners receive rent for the base, and a large number of Marshallese work at the base. It is noted that the Majuro Atoll benefited from many foreign assistances. The main airport was built by the Japanese (during World War II), the only tarmac road of the capital was built by the Americans.

[سمادول] Demographics

Main article: Demographics of the Marshall Islands

The Marshallese are of Micronesian origin and migrated from Asia several thousand years ago. Although English is an official language and is spoken widely, although not fluently, Marshallese is used by the government. Japanese is also occasionally spoken in some areas of Marshall Islands.

Virtually all Marshallese are Christian, most of them Protestant.

[سمادول] Culture

Main article: Culture of the Marshall Islands

Although now in decline, the Marshallese were once able navigators, using the stars and stick and shell charts. They are also experienced in canoe building and still hold annual competitions involving the unique oceanic sailing canoe, the proa.

[سمادول] Nuclear testing

Between 1946 and 1958 the USA tested 67 nuclear weapons in the Marshall Islands, including the largest nuclear test the US ever conducted, Castle Bravo, which resulted in the radiation poisoning of 236 Marshallese. Nuclear claims between the United States and the Marshall Islands are ongoing, and health effects still linger from these tests. (see Rongelap)

[سمادول] Mexican Fishermen

On October of 2005, Mexican fishermen got lost in the sea and a Taiwanese boat found them alive 9 months after, close to the Marshall Islands where they set foot again on August 9 of 2006. They are still is Asia in a hospital and are waiting to return to Mexico.