Internet Exchange Point

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An Internet exchange point (IX or IXP) is a physical infrastructure that allows different Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to exchange Internet traffic between their networks (autonomous systems) by means of mutual peering agreements, which allow traffic to be exchanged without cost. IXPs reduce the portion of an ISP's traffic which must be delivered via their upstream transit providers, thereby reducing the Average Per-Bit Delivery Cost of their service. Furthermore, the increased number of paths learned through the IXP improves routing efficiency and fault-tolerance.

The primary purpose of an IXP is to allow networks to interconnect directly, via the exchange, rather than through one or more 3rd party networks. The advantages of the direct interconnection are numerous, but the primary reasons are cost, latency, and bandwidth. Traffic passing through an exchange is typically not billed by any party, whereas traffic to an ISP's upstream provider is. The direct interconnection, often located in the same city as both networks, avoids data from having to travel to other cities (potentially other continents) to get from one network to another, thus reducing latency. The third advantage, speed, is most noticeable in areas that have poorly developed long-distance connections. ISPs in these regions might have to pay between 10 or 100 times more for data transport than ISPs in North America, Europe or Japan. Therefore, these ISPs typically have slower, more limited connections to the rest of the internet. However, a connection to a local IXP may allow them to transfer data without limit, and without cost, vastly improving the bandwidth between customers of the two adjacent ISPs.

A typical IXP consists of one or more network switches, to which each of the participating ISPs connect. Prior to the existence of switches, IXPs typically utilized FOIRL hubs or FDDI rings, migrating to Ethernet and FDDI switches as those became available in 1993 and 1994. ATM switches were briefly used at a few IXPs in the late 1990s, accounting for approximately 4% of the market at their peak, and there was an abortive attempt by the Stockholm IXP, NetNod, to use SRP/DPT (an ill-fated conjoinment of FDDI and SONET), but Ethernet has prevailed, accounting for more than 95% of all existing Internet exchange switch fabrics. All Ethernet port speeds are to be found at modern IXPs, ranging from 10 Mbit/s ports in use in small developing-country IXes, to ganged 10 Gbit/s ports in major population centers like Seoul, New York, London, Amsterdam, and Palo Alto.

When an IXP incurs any operating costs, those costs are typically shared among all of its participants. At the more expensive exchanges, participants pay a monthly fee, usually determined by the speed of the port or ports which they're using, or much less commonly by the volume of traffic which they're passing across the exchange, though that's unpopular because it provides a counterincentive to growth of the exchange. Some exchanges also have a setup fee, to offset the costs of the switch port and any media adaptors (GBICs, SFPs, XFPs, XENPAKs, et cetera) which the new participant requires, and the labor of configuring it to serve them.

Contents 1 List of IXPs and IXP-operators 1.1 Africa 1.2 Asia 1.3 Europe 1.4 Middle East 1.5 Oceania 1.6 North America 1.7 South America 2 See also 3 External links

[edit] List of IXPs and IXP-operators

Note: Some of the entries in the list represent IXPs whereas some represent organizations that operate one or more IXPs

[edit] Africa

• Botswana
  • Botswana Internet Exchange (BINX)
• Egypt
  • Cairo Internet Exchange (CR-IX)
• Ghana
  • Ghana Internet Exchange (GIX)
• Kenya
  • Kenya Internet Exchange
• Mozambique
  • Mozambique Internet Exchange (MOZ-IX) Official website
• Nigeria
  • Ibadan Internet Exchange (IBIX), Ibadan Official website
• South Africa
  • Cape Town Internet Exchange (CINX), Cape Town
  • Johannesburg Internet Exchange (JINX), Johannesburg, Official web site
  • The Hub Project, Cape Town Official website
  • South African Internet Exchange (SAIX) SAIX Home Page
  • Grahamstown Internet Exchange (GINX), Grahamstown, Official web site
• Tanzania
  • Tanzania Internet eXchange (TIX), Dar es Salaam, Official website
• Uganda
  • Uganda Internet Exchange Point (UiXP) Official website
• Zimbabwe
  • Zimbabwe Internet Exchange (ZINX) Official website

[edit] Asia

• Bangladesh
  • Bangladesh Internet Exchange,Official Site, (BDIX), Dhaka
• China
  • Shanghai City Exchange, Shanghai
  • Shanghai Internet Exchange Center, Shanghai
  • TerraMark
• Hong Kong
  • Hong Kong Internet Exchange (HKIX)
• Indonesia
  • National Inter Connection Exchange (NICE)
  • Indonesia Internet Exchange (IIX)
  • Napsindo International Internet Exchange (NAIIX)
• India
  • India Internet Exchange (IN-IX)
• Japan
  • Japan Network Access Point (JPNAP)
  • JPNAP Osaka
  • JPNAP6
  • JPIX
  • Media Exchange (MEX)
  • DIX-IE
  • NSPIXP-6
• Korea
  • DACOM IX
  • KINX
  • Korean Internet Exchange (KIX)
• Malaysia
  • Asia Internet Exchange Network Access Point Malaysia (ARIX)
  • Kuala Lumpur Internet Exchange, Kuala Lumpur
• Nepal
  • Nepal Internet Exchange (npIX), Kathmandu
• Pakistan
  • Karachi Network Access Point
• Philippines
  • Manila Internet Exchange, Manila
  • Philippine Internet Exchange (PhIX)
  • Philippine Common Routing Exchange (PHNET CORE)
• Singapore
  • Singapore Open Exchange (SOP)
• Taiwan
  • Taiwan Network Access Point (TWNAP)
  • TWIX
• Thailand
  • Thailand Internet Exchange Service (THIX)
  • ThaiSarn Public Internet Exchange (PIE)
• Vietnam
  • VP TELECOM
  • HANOITELECOM
  • SAIGONPOSTEL
  • FPT
  • VNPT
  • VIETTEL

[edit] Europe

Most major European IXPs are organized in the European Internet Exchange Association (Euro-IX) EURO-IX website.

• Austria
  • Vienna Internet Exchange (VIX), Vienna
• Belgium
  • Belgian National Internet Exchange (BNIX), Brussels
  • Free Belgian Internet Exchange (FreeBIX), Brussels
• Bulgaria
  • SIX
  • Varna Internet Exchange
• Croatia
  • Croatian Internet Exchange (CIX)
• Cyprus
  • Cyprus Internet Exchange (CyIX)
• Czech Republic
  • Neutral Internet Exchange of the Czech Republic (NIX.CZ), Prague
• Denmark
  • Danish Internet Exchange Point (DIX), Kongens Lyngby
• Estonia
  • Tallinn Internet Exchange (TIX), Tallinn
• Finland
  • Finnish Communication and Internet Exchange (FICIX), Helsinki, Espoo
  • Tampere Region Exchange (TREX), Tampere
• France
  • French National Internet Exchange IPv6 (FNIX6), Paris
  • Grenoble Network Initiative (GNI), Grenoble
  • Lyon Internet Exchange (Lyonix), Lyon
  • Marseille Internet eXchange (MAIX), Marseille
  • MAE Paris, Paris
  • Mix Internet Exchange and Transit (MIXT)
  • Paris Internet Exchange (PARIX), Paris
  • Paris Operators for Universal Internet Exchange (POUIX), Paris
  • Service for French Internet Exchange (SFINX)
  • Free Internet Exchange (FreeIX)
  • Paris NAP (PaNAP), Paris
• Germany
  • Berlin Commercial Internet Exchange (BCIX), Berlin
  • Deutscher Commercial Internet Exchange (DE-CIX), Frankfurt
  • European Commercial Internet Exchange (ECIX), Berlin / Düsseldorf
  • Frankfurt Internet Exchange (F-IX), Frankfurt
  • Frankfurt Network Access Point (fraNAP), Frankfurt
  • INXS Hamburg (INXS HBG), Hamburg
  • WorkIX Hamburg (WORKIX), Hamburg
  • INXS Munich (INXS MUC), Munich
  • Kleyer Rebstöcker InternetExchange (KleyReX), Frankfurt
  • MAE Frankfurt, Frankfurt
  • Metropolitan Area Network Darmstadt (MANDA), Darmstadt
  • Munich Commercial Internet Exchange (M-CIX), Munich
  • Nürnberger Internet Exchange (N-IX), Nuremberg
• Greece
  • Athens Internet Exchange (AIX), Athens
• Hungary
  • Budapest Internet Exchange (BIX), Budapest
• Iceland
  • Reykjavík Internet Exchange (RIX), Reykjavík
• Ireland
  • Internet Neutral Exchange (INEX), Dublin
• Italy
  • Milan Internet Exchange (MIX), Milan
  • Nautilus Mediterranean Exchange Point (NaMeX), Rome
  • Torino Piemonte Exchange Point (TOPIX), Turin
  • Tuscany Internet Exchange (TIX), Florence
• Latvia
  • Latvian Global Internet Exchange (GIX), Riga
  • Riga Internet Exchange (RIX), Riga
• Luxembourg
  • Luxembourg Internet Exchange (LIX), Luxembourg
• Malta
  • Malta Internet Exchange (MIX Malta), Msida
• Netherlands
  • Amsterdam Internet Exchange (AMS-IX), Amsterdam
  • Den Haag Internet Exchange (DH-IX), The Hague
  • Friese Internet Exchange (FR-IX), Leeuwarden
  • Groningen Internet Exchange (GN-IX), Groningen
  • Nederlands-Duitse Internet Exchange (NDIX), Enschede
  • Netherlands Internet Exchange (NLix), Amsterdam, Ede, Schiphol Rijk, Aalsmeer, Oude Meer, Hilversum
• Norway
  • Norwegian Internet Exchange (NIX), Oslo
• Poland
  • Polish Internet Exchange (PL-IX), Warsaw
  • Warsaw Internet Exchange (WIX), Warsaw
• Portugal
  • GIGAbit Portuguese Internet Exchange (GIGAPIX), Lisbon Official website
• Romania
  • Bucharest Internet Exchange (BUHIX), Bucharest
  • Romanian Network for Internet Exchange (RoNIX), Bucharest
  • Interlan Allied Networks Internet Exchange (Interlan TCP/IP), Bucharest
  • Suceava Internet eXchange (SViX), Suceava [1]
• Russia (Main article: Internet Exchange Points in Russia)
  • Chelyabinsk Peering Point Ural, Chelyabinsk, created around 2001 [2], stalled on around 2004 [3]
  • MPIX, Saint Petersburg http://www.rusnet.ru/mpix/
  • Moscow Internet Exchange (MSK-IX), Moscow
  • NSK-IX, Novosibirsk
  • Samara Internet Exchange (Samara-IX), Samara
  • Saint Petersburg Internet Exchange (SPB-IX), Saint Petersburg
  • Ural IX, Ekaterinburg ^{[citation needed]}
• Slovakia
  • Slovak Internet Exchange (SIX), Bratislava
• Slovenia
  • Slovenian Internet Exchange (SIX), Ljubljana [4]
• Spain
  • Catalunya Neutral Internet Exchange (CATNIX), [[SlBarcelona
  • España Internet Exchange (ESPANIX), Madrid
  • Galicia Neutral Internet Exchange (GALNIX), Santiago de Compostela
• Sweden
  • Netnod Internet Exchange i Sverige (Netnod), Stockholm
  • SOL-IX, Stockholm
  • NorrNod, Umeå
• Switzerland
  • CERN Internet Exchange Point (CIXP), Geneva
  • Swiss Internet Exchange (SWISSIX), Zürich
  • Telehouse Internet Exchange (TIX), Zürich
• Turkey
  • Turkish Information Exchange (TURNET)
• Ukraine
  • Central Ukrainian Internet Exchange
  • Ukrainian Internet Exchange (UA.IX)
• United Kingdom
  • London Internet Exchange (LINX), London
  • London Internet Providers Exchange (LIPEX), London
  • London Network Access Point (LoNAP), London
  • Manchester Network Access Point (MaNAP), Manchester
  • Meridian Gate Internet Exchange (MERIEX), London
  • Packet Exchange, London Official website
  • Redbus Internet Exchange (RBIEX), London
  • Scottish Internet Exchange (SCOTIX), Edinburgh
  • Sovereign House Exchange (SovEx), London
  • XchangePoint, London

[edit] Middle East

• Israel
  • Israeli Internet Exchange (IIX)

[edit] Oceania

• Australia
  • PIPE Networks, Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Hobart, Canberra
  • AUSIX, Melbourne
  • Brisbane Internet Exchange (BIX), Brisbane
  • Lismore Internet Exchange (LIX), Lismore
  • MEL BONE, Melbourne (dead)
  • Melbourne NAPette, Melbourne
  • Newcastle Internet Exchange (NIX), Newcastle (dead)
  • South Australian Internet Exchange (SAIX), Adelaide
  • Sydney Internet Exchange (SIX), Sydney (dead)
  • Victorian Internet Exchange (VIX), Victoria
  • Western Australian Internet Exchange (WAIX), Perth
  • Wollongong Internet Exchange (WIX), Wollongong (dead)
• New Zealand
  • Wellington Internet Exchange (WIX), Wellington
  • Neutral New Zealand Internet Exchange (NZIX)
  • Auckland Peering Exchange (APE), Auckland

Entries above marked "dead" were part of the failed AUSBONE or appear to have faded from view.

[edit] North America

• Canada
  • Toronto Internet Exchange (TorIX)

• United States
  • Switch and Data's Peering And Internet eXchanges (PAIX), Atlanta, Dallas, New York City, Northern Virginia, Palo Alto, Philadelphia, San Jose, Seattle
  • MAE-East
  • MAE-West
  • MAE-Central
  • Equinix Internet Exchanges
  • AADS - SBC Communications Chicago NAP

• Puerto Rico
  • Internet Exchange of Puerto Rico (IX.PR)

[edit] South America

• Brazil
  • PTT-METRO

[edit] See also

• List of Internet Exchange Points by size

[edit] External links

• Packet Clearing House: Directory of Internet Exchange Points
• Internet Exchanges at the Open Directory Project
• Exchange point information
• Internet exchange points