2016 Summer Olympics

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Games of the XXXI Olympiad
The host city of the 2016 Summer Olympics will be announced in Copenhagen in 2009. The deadline for bids is March 31, 2007. The last Summer Olympics was held in Athens in 2004
Host city	TBA 2009
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Closing ceremony	---
Officially opened by	---
Athlete's Oath	---
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Olympic Torch	---
Stadium	---

The 2016 Summer Olympics, formally titled the Games of the XXXI Olympiad, is a major international sports and cultural festival to be celebrated in the tradition of the Olympic Games as governed by the International Olympic Committee. While a host city has not yet been determined, various cities have begun a bidding process for that honor. A host city will be announced at the 121st Session (which will also be the XIIIth Olympic Congress) of the International Olympic Committee to be held in Copenhagen, Denmark in 2009. The 2016 Summer Paralympics would also be held in the same host city chosen.

International pundits ^{[citation needed]} believe that the host city will most likely be in North America because cities from Asia, Australia and Europe have been selected as hosts for the four most recent Olympic Games, unless Latin America, (with the exception of the 1968 Mexico City Olympic Games) Africa, Southeast Asia and the Middle East, areas that have never hosted the Olympic Games, can impress the International Olympic Committee otherwise.

Contents 1 Cities considering bids 1.1 Africa 1.1.1 Kenya 1.1.2 South Africa 1.2 Asia 1.2.1 India 1.2.2 Japan 1.2.3 Qatar 1.2.4 Thailand 1.2.5 United Arab Emirates 1.3 Europe 1.3.1 Italy 1.3.2 Germany 1.3.3 Portugal 1.3.4 Spain 1.3.5 Turkey 1.4 North America 1.4.1 Canada 1.4.1.1 Montréal 1.4.1.2 Toronto 1.4.2 Cuba 1.4.3 Mexico 1.4.4 United States 1.4.4.1 Requirements 1.4.4.2 Assessments 1.4.4.3 Recent developments 1.4.4.4 Chicago 1.4.4.5 Los Angeles 1.5 Oceania 1.5.1 Australia 1.6 South America 1.6.1 Argentina 1.6.2 Chile 1.6.3 Joint bids? 2 Reference 3 External links

[edit] Cities considering bids

[edit] Africa

Africa has never hosted a Summer Olympics. On 13 January a statement by the IOC President Jacques Rogge urged African nations to bid for the 2016 Olympics stating that an African city would stand a strong chance of winning if it meets key requirements.^[1] Many nations have responded by establishing bids.

[edit] Kenya

Kenya announced in early 2005 that it had the intention of bidding for the 2016 Summer Olympics, likely to be held at its capital, Nairobi.^[2] This would make it only the third African country (after South Africa and Egypt) to launch a serious bid for the Games. However, Jacques Rogge has said that Kenya would have to make significant improvements to its infrastructure if such a bid were to be taken seriously.^[3] Nairobi and Kenya have limited experience in organizing large-scale international sporting events: to date, the last time Kenya organized such a large event was in 1987 when Nairobi organized the 4th All-Africa Games.

[edit] South Africa

According to agency reports, a South African city, most likely Cape Town, is considering a bid. Given that South Africa will host the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Rogge's eagerness for either Africa and/or South America to host an Olympic Games and the potential strength of another bid from Cape Town (Cape Town was on the candidate city shortlist for the 2004 Olympics), some are very optimistic about South Africa's prospects of hosting the Olympic Games in the near future. ^{[citation needed]}

The city of Durban has also expressed an interest in hosting the 2016 Olympics.^[4]

[edit] Asia

Despite Beijing's hosting of the 2008 Summer Olympics, a few Asian cities believe that they still could have a chance to host the 2016 Olympic Games with proper planning. Of the Asian bids, a possible bid from Israel sparked discussion globally. Tel Aviv University students created a hypothetical bid for Tel Aviv as host city, but it never materialized into a serious bid due to serious political and security considerations.

[edit] India

The Indian capital of New Delhi has announced its wish to host the Olympics, and believes that a great source of strength will be the 2010 Commonwealth Games, which will be held in the same city.^[5] Another strong point of Delhi's bid would be that it is the capital of a country widely seen as an emerging world power. Some say, however that given the evidence that no country has ever won the Games with its first attempt, and India's less than impressive displays in Olympic medal tables, the bid would rely massively on the success of the 2010 Commonwealth Games.^[6] In the past, New Delhi has organized the 1st Asian Games in 1951 and the 9th Asian Games in 1982. In terms of other large-scale international sporting events being staged in India, the city of Hyderabad organized the 1st Afro-Asian Games in 2003. India will host its third cricket World Cup in 2011, the previous two being in 1996 and 1987. The field Hockey World cup was held in India, in 1982.

[edit] Japan

Japan has announced it will likely bid for the 2016 Olympics. Candidates were Tokyo and Fukuoka^[7], but the Japan Olympic Committee has decided on Tokyo. Sapporo considered entering the host city competition, citing its past experience hosting the 1972 Winter Olympics, but withdrew on February 21, 2006.^[8] A Japan bid would likely be strengthened by the success of the 2002 FIFA World Cup, which Japan hosted with South Korea. Tokyo also has past Olympic experience as the host of the 1964 Games. The Japan Olympic Committee set a deadline of June 30, 2006 for bids to the JOC and decided on August 30, 2006 that Tokyo will submit its bid to the IOC.^[9]

[edit] Qatar

Doha in Qatar has announced an interest in bidding for the right to host the 2016 Summer Olympics. [1] Doha was the host of the 2006 Asian Games, Qatar spent US$2.8 billion [2] on preparing Asian Games venues and can spend more on Olympics Games. Qatar 2016 Bid also Gets Support From OCA President [3].

[edit] Thailand

As a result of its athletic successes in the 2004 Summer Olympics, the then-Prime Minister of Thailand officially notified the International Olympic Committee that it would attempt a serious bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics. ^{[citation needed]} Government officials have not chosen a city to offer as host but Bangkok is favored by international pundits due to its infrastructure and geographic importance. ^{[citation needed]}

Previously, Bangkok attempted a bid for the 2008 Summer Olympics but failed to make the shortlist. Bangkok is expected to offer its experience as host of the Asian Games on four separate occasions as proof of Olympic host city viability: the 4th Asian Games in 1966, the 5th Asian Games in 1970, the 8th Asian Games in 1978, and the 13th Asian Games in 1998. Bangkok hosted the first Asian Indoor Games in 2005 and will host the 24th Universiade in 2007. Thailand is also co-hosting the 2007 Asian Cup with Malaysia, Vietnam and Indonesia.

Nothwithstanding, it is unclear what impact the 2006 Thailand coup d'état will have on the country's Olympic ambitions for 2016.

[edit] United Arab Emirates

Main article: Dubai 2016 Olympic bid

Dubai in the United Arab Emirates has announced an interest in bidding for the right to host what would be the Middle East's first Olympiad.^[10] Infrastructure is excellent, ^{[citation needed]} and the emirate's wealth means that it could easily afford to build any facilities deemed necessary. One such development that could serve Olympic purposes, Dubai Sports City, is already under construction.

Two potential setbacks may thwart Dubai's hosting chances. The summer climate, where temperatures frequently surpass 45ºC (113ºF), is very hot for such an event. This would require a spring or autumn date. Furthermore, United Arab Emirates has a relative thin sporting resume, with only one Summer Olympic Games medal in its history.

[edit] Europe

It is considered unlikely that a European city will be selected for a second successive Olympic Games with London hosting the 2012 Summer Olympics. No continent has hosted successive Summer Games since 1952, when Helsinki followed 1948 host London. Nevertheless, a number of European cities are said to be considering serious bids while places like Prague in the Czech Republic are considering non-serious trial bids to warm up for future host city competitions. The Netherlands may offer a trial bid for Rotterdam but is more likely to offer a serious bid for 2028.^{[citation needed]}

Serious confirmed interest comes from Italy, Germany, Portugal, Spain and Turkey.

[edit] Italy

Rome Giovanna Melandri, Italy’s Sports Minister, announced on October 3, 2006, that Rome will be Italy’s candidate for the 2016 Summer Olympic Games. Melandri said that following the success of the Turin 2006 Winter Games Italy knows it has all it needs to host large events, adding that Rome will be as successful as Turin. Melandri’s announcement confirms contacts Rome’s Mayor Walter Veltroni made with businessmen and politicians in Italy trying to get their support for Rome’s 2016 bid. On July 11, 2006 Veltroni withdrew Rome’s bid as Italy’s candidate, saying that in his opinion the conditions were not right for a Rome bid at this time. Melandri said that on Wednesday they will present two motions in Parliament in support of Rome’s candidacy, adding it wouldn’t be easy to beat the competition, but not impossible. ^[11]

[edit] Germany

Hamburg ^[12] and Leipzig are both preparing bids for its national Olympic committee, ^{[citation needed]} both of which made plans for the 2012 host city competition. On October 18, 2006 Berlin announced that it would not bid the 2016 Games, and it will try for the 2020 Games. ^{[citation needed]} Hamburg, is currently the favorite in regional circles.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Portugal

The Portuguese committee's president, Vicente Moura, announced on July 6, 2005 that there would be a bid from Lisbon. ^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Spain

Madrid announced it will try again after 2012 loss.^[13]

[edit] Turkey

Since 1992, Istanbul was offered by Turkey as its candidate for every Summer Olympics host city competition with attempts to refine its proposals with each contest. Such attempts at refining their bids succeeded with Istanbul appearing on international shortlists for 2000 and 2008. Organizers are adamant that Istanbul will win with the tactic of offering candidacy every time. ^{[citation needed]}

[edit] North America

[edit] Canada

Canada has hosted the Olympics before, once in summer at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, and once in winter at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary. The main problem for Montreal and Toronto is that the 2010 Winter Olympics will be in Vancouver, and the IOC may be reluctant to award the Summer Olympics to Canada only six years after the Winter Olympics. It should be noted, however, that the 2002 Winter Olympics were in the United States six years after the 1996 Summer games in Atlanta.

[edit] Montréal

During the 2005 World Aquatics Championships, Mayor Gerald Tremblay, as reported on a popular Olympics bid website on July 27, 2005 ^[14], said Montreal would be interested in hosting the Olympic Games for a second time.

There has been no follow-up on this statement. Since Tremblay's utterance, there have been no reports of any Quebec or federal politician, or any Canadian Olympic Committee official, making any noises at all about a Montreal bid, nor has there been any organization of a steering committee to develop a bid.

[edit] Toronto

In the wake of London's selection as 2012 host, Toronto leaders told the Toronto Globe and Mail they would not likely seek the 2016 Games.^{[citation needed]}

As second place in the final round of voting to determine the 2008 Summer Olympics host city, Toronto is often considered Canada's strongest hope to eventually host the summer Games.

Its assets include rich cultural diversity, waterfront location and tolerable summer weather. ^{[citation needed]} Toronto offered a possible 2012 Summer Olympics bid but withdrew after Vancouver won the right to host the 2010 Winter Olympics. The Vancouver selection to host the 2010 Winter Olympics is considered an impediment for both Montréal and Toronto.

Toronto recently failed to submit a bid to host the 2015 World's Fair, which the city wanted to host more than the Olympics. It is uncertain if the Canadian Olympic Committee will move forward with a bid from Toronto now that it will not play host to the fair.

[edit] Cuba

Cuba and the President of the Cuban Olympic Committee, José Ramón Fernández, announced on July 7, 2005 that it would offer an official 2016 Summer Olympics bid with Havana as the host city. ^{[citation needed]} Lack of infrastructure and venues, as well as the overall poverty level of the nation have been reasons that Cuba failed to make the shortlist for 2008 and 2012; however, the poverty level could also work in Cuba's favor, since Jacques Rogge has stated he would favor hosting the games in a developing country so long as the bid meets a few key requirements. ^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Mexico

Mexico is offering a bid featuring Monterrey, a failed candidate for the 2008 Summer Olympics ^[15]. This movement already has the support of important institutions such as ITESM, University of Monterrey, Fundidora Park among others. According to organizers the official presentation of the project will be in February of 2007.

[edit] United States

The United States Olympic Committee affirmed, at its meeting on April 8, 2006 at its Colorado Springs headquarters, that it would submit an American nominee to the international body, based on its own criteria. If The United States does put forth a bid, it is expected to be a favorite; it will have been fourteen years since the United States has hosted a previous Olympics (the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah) and 20 years since the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. But Salt Lake City plans to make a 2018 or 2022 Winter Olympic bid, with its Delta Center and Snowbird and Alta ski resorts. They will have some trouble hosting an olympic event that soon, if the United States wants the 2016 Olympics in Chicago or Los Angeles.

[edit] Requirements

The USOC's chairman, Peter Ueberroth, in evaluating the failures of New York City in its bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics, especially the absence of plans for an Olympic stadium venue, proposed several requirements for new American bid cities:^{[citation needed]}

• The nominee must have an existing stadium or approved plans for a new stadium that would be a large enough venue for the opening ceremony, closing ceremony and track and field competition
• The nominee must have "already built or fully committed" to building necessary infrastructure like transportation and the like
• The nominee must have Olympic and media village venues and adequate hotel and convention space
• The nominee must have the support of not only local government but also state and federal governments, as well as active private sector participation
• The nominee must have a realistic chance to win against international candidates.

[edit] Assessments

Ueberroth, alongside his Chief Executive Officer, James Sherr and his Vice President, Bob Ctvrtlik, traveled to five possible host city nominees in mid-May of 2006. In preparation for the visits with municipal leaders, Ueberroth warned that interested cities refrain from creating official host city nomination committees or plan for fundraising until after the initial meetings were completed. ^{[citation needed]}The chairman believed that some cities were unrealistic winners in the bid process and such early planning would just lead to unnecessary expenses. ^{[citation needed]}

Ueberroth and his party visited Houston on May 8, Philadelphia on May 9 and Chicago on May 10. These initial USOC assessments were also conducted in Los Angeles and San Francisco on May 18.

[edit] Recent developments

On June 23, 2006, the five United States candidates met in California to offer official presentations to the USOC Board of Directors. Chicago Tribune reported of the event on June 24, "USOC officials indicated they could whittle down the field of five contenders in as soon as three weeks." ^[16].

On July 17, 2006, NBC 11 San Francisco reported that USOC would name San Francisco, Los Angeles and possibly Chicago as the three US finalists for the 2016 Olympics, dropping Philadelphia and Houston from the original short list, the formal announcement expected within a few weeks. The USOC refuted that claim, saying that no decisions had been made and that all five cities were still in the running for the potential US bid. ^[17]

On July 26, 2006, the USOC officially named San Francisco, Los Angeles and Chicago as the three US finalists for the 2016 Olympics, dropping Philadelphia and Houston. However, the committee still has not decided whether to pursue an international bid for a US city. That decision will be made by the end of 2006. If decided to move forward, the official US city will be named in March of 2007. ^[18]

On November 13, 2006, San Francisco withdrew its bid from the national selection process, leaving Chicago and Los Angeles as the only contenders in the U.S. bid.^[19]

[edit] Chicago

Main article: Chicago 2016 Olympic bid

Chicago was expected to host the 1904 Summer Olympics but those Olympic Games ultimately took place in St. Louis to coincide with the World's Fair. Chicago has an extensive public transit system, a wide range of venues, and a strong sports culture. Another possible benefit is the city's central location in the United States. Plans are for a temporary Olympic Stadium in Washington Park in the city's South Side. An official site has been launched as well as an official logo.

[edit] Los Angeles

Main article: Los Angeles 2016 Olympic bid

Los Angeles has hosted two previous Olympic Games: 1932 Summer Olympics and 1984 Summer Olympics. The city is highlighting venues for its bid: the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum (which has twice served as Olympic stadium), Staples Center, The Home Depot Center in suburban Carson, and Honda Center in suburban Anaheim. Facilities at the University of California, Los Angeles, were used extensively in the 1984 Olympics. The University of Southern California has opened a 10,000 seat basketball arena called the Galen Center in fall 2006.

[edit] Oceania

Though the games were hosted in Sydney in 2000, Oceania is regarded as a viable contender for the games in 2016 due to the success of the 2000 games. The only two nations with the infrastructure to host the games at the current time are New Zealand and Australia, though a multi-nation bid could also be in the works among other nations in the region. ^{[citation needed]} Such a bid, however, is considered a long shot due to the underdevelopment of smaller Oceanian nations. ^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Australia

Australia intends to make a bid for the games. After the success of the 2000 games in Sydney it would be a high contender. No cities have been voted in but it is expected to be between 2006 Commonwealth Games host Melbourne, Perth in Western Australia and Queensland capital Brisbane. ^{[citation needed]} It has also been said that Australia's eyes are on both the 2016 games and the 2020 games.

[edit] South America

[edit] Argentina

Buenos Aires was a candidate city for the 2004 Olympics, but lost hope of becoming an Olympic host after Argentina's economic crash in 2001. However, the country's economy has since rebounded to such an extent that some groups within the Argentine media now predict that Buenos Aires will announce a bid to host the 2016 Games, with an associated increase in investment in the city's infrastructure. ^{[citation needed]} Of all the cities in South America, Buenos Aires has experienced the most success: it was a candidate city for the 1968 and 2004 Summer Games, it almost became the host city for the Games of the XVI Olympiad of 1956, losing to Melbourne, Australia by only one vote during 43rd IOC Session in Rome in 1949. And, in terms of previous experience in organizing large-scale sporting events, Buenos Aires and Argentina have an impressive résumé: Buenos Aires organized the 1st Pan American Games in 1951, while Buenos Aires co-hosted the 12th Pan American Games in 1995 with the cities of Mar del Plata and La Plata. Argentina also hosted the 1978 FIFA World Cup. The crime rate in Buenos Aires is also among the lowest for major South American cities, which would further enhance its chances of hosting a successful Olympiad. ^{[citation needed]}

Brazil

On September 1, 2006 Rio de Janeiro was named by the Brazilian Olympic Committee as an applicant for the 2016 Games. The city is now preparing to play host to the 2007 Pan American Games, which will be the key proving ground for an Olympic bid. ^{[citation needed]} Rio de Janeiro launched applications to host the 2004 and 2012 Olympics, but failed to make the shortlist on both occasions. If the 2007 PAG turns out to be a logistical success, it may propel Rio de Janeiro as a serious contender when the bidding cycle for the 2016 Olympic Games begin. Furthermore, the IOC is eager to have either South America or Africa host the games.

Brazil has had experience in organizing large-scale sporting events in the past: Brazil organized and hosted the 1950 FIFA World Cup and is organizing a bid to host the 2014 event, and São Paulo organized the 4th Pan American Games in 1963. Subsequently, due to the continental rotation policy taken by FIFA that will place the 2014 FIFA World Cup in South America, CONMEBOL has unanimously nominated Brazil as its candidate to host the 2014 FIFA World Cup, with FIFA making its final decision sometime in 2008. São Paulo, Brasília and Curitiba have also mentioned that want to make a bid ^{[citation needed]}, therefore, the Brazilian Olympic Committee may have to choose between these four cities. The features to Rio 2007 has a big structure that inclues an big stadium called João Havelange, that you can see in this site. The Pan village is the best ever; you can see the construction in this site. Brazil wants that PAN is the best ever to help their Olympic bid.

[edit] Chile

In 2002, the president of the Chilean Olympic committee, Fernando Eitel, announced that he wanted to see the 2016 Olympics hosted by Chile, adding that "much of the organization is already in place." ^{[citation needed]} Eitel also believes that IOC President Jacques Rogge wishes to see more developing countries playing a part in hosting the Games, and that this desire would work in Chile's favour. Also, Chile's fantastic growing economy, financial security and the latest foreign investment in the country are certainly advantages for this potential bid. ^{[citation needed]} Another fact is that Santiago de Chile is evolving very quickly in terms of transportation (new subway lines, new airport terminals and urban highways), communications and has made strides in solving its pollution issues, bolstering the city's claim of being capable for hosting the 2016 Summer Olympics. ^{[citation needed]} Chile hosted the 1962 FIFA World Cup.

[edit] Joint bids?

Citing the 2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan, jointly hosted by South Korea and Japan, some cities have discussed joint bids to host the Olympic Games. For example, a Web site was launched to promote a San Diego-Tijuana bid (but it didn't actually turn into a serious bid) ^[20]. Some South American cities have reportedly talked of joining in a regional bid. But the IOC Charter ^[21], at page 73, is clear: a single city is awarded the right to stage the Olympic Games. However, in 1956, the Games were shared by Melbourne and Stockholm, two cities on the opposites of the Earth. This was because horse competitions could not be held in Australia due to quarantine rules. The only loophole allowing a "joint bid" is where a winter sports nation without mountains seeks to host the Olympic Winter Games. The IOC has entertained multinational bids for the Winter Games in the past, but they have always failed. Two multinational "joint bids" were presented to the IOC in 1999 to stage the 2006 Olympic Winter Games: Helsinki 2006 with events taking place in both Finland and Norway and Klagenfurt 2006, with events taking place in Austria, Italy, and Slovenia. Both were eliminated by a review committee before the vote was taken.^[22] The current bid by Salzburg to host the 2014 Winter Olympics includes one venue in Germany, and has been shortlisted as one of three finalist bids.

[edit] Reference

[edit] External links

• International Olympic Committee

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