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Mitsuo Fuchida - Wikipedia

Mitsuo Fuchida

Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi

Fuchida træner til angrebet på Pearl Harbor
Forstør
Fuchida træner til angrebet på Pearl Harbor

Mitsuo Fuchida (3. december, 190230. maj, 1976) var en Orlogskaptajn (少佐) i Japans kejserlige flådes flyvevåben og en pilot før og under 2. verdenskrig.

Han ledede den formation der anførte i angrebet på Pearl Harbor den 7. december, 1941. Han var den person der var ansvarlig for koordinationen af luftangrebet og arbejdede under den øverste flådechef viceadmiral Chuichi Nagumo. Han var førstepiloten under angrebet på Pearl Harbor og bombningen af Darwin. Han koordinerede Japans kejserlige flådes flyvevåbens 1. eskadrille under angrebet på Pearl Harbor. Efter 2. verdenskrig endte med Japans nederlag konverterede han til kristendommen og så sig selv som evangelisk resten af sit liv.

Indholdsfortegnelse

[redigér] Tidlige liv

Mitsuo Fuchida blev født i Nara Prefecture, Japan. Han startede på flådeakademiet ved Eta-Jima i 1921 hvor han mødte og blev ven med klassekameraten Minoru Genda og opdagede en stor interesse for at flyve med fly. Han specialiserede sig i planbombning, og opnåede snart en så stor dygtighed, at han blev instruktør. Han blev snart anset for at være en af Japans bedste flyver, efter han havde opnået stor kamperfaring under luftoperationer over Kina i slutningen af 1930erne. Han blev forfremmet til Orlogskaptajn og blev optaget på flådens generalstabsakademi. Fuchida blev tilknyttet hangarskibet Akagi i 1939 og var på dette tidspunkt en erfaren pilot med over 3.000 flyvetimer bag sig.

[redigér] Karriere under 2. verdenskrig

Søndag d. 7. december 1941, var den japanske angrebsstyrke under kommando af admiral Chuichi Nagumo og bestående af seks hangarskibe med 423 fly, klar til at angribe. Klokken 6 lettede den første angrebsbølge med 183 fly fra skibene, der lå 230 mil nord for Oahu og fløj mod den amerikanske stillehavsflåde i Pearl Harbor.

Denne artikel er delvis på engelsk, og ikke fuldstændig oversat til dansk. Du kan hjælpe Wikipedia ved at oversætte den!

At 06:20, Fuchida, commanding the air group, led the way down the island's eastern side, then banked west and flew along the southern coast, past the city of Honolulu. He believed his approach had not been detected by the Army radar station, but it had been. Two alert soldiers notified a superior officer of the discovery but the officer chose to ignore it, believing that the blips were probably caused by U.S. bombers arriving from California that morning.

Meanwhile, Fuchida had ordered "Tenkai" ("take attack position"). Seeing all peaceful at Pearl Harbor, at 0740 Hawaiian Standard Time, Fuchida slid back the canopy of his Nakajima B5N2 Typ 97 Modell 3 torpedo bomber, and fired a green flare, the signal to attack, with his flare gun.

At 0749 hours, Fuchida instructed his radio operator, Petty Officer 1st Class Norinobu Mizuki, to send the coded signal "To, To, To" (Totsugeskiseyo, or charge) to his planes. Fuchida’s pilot Lieutenant Mitsuo Matsuzaki guided the B5N in a sweep around Barber’s Point.

At 0753, Fuchida ordered Mizuki [1] to send back to the carrier Akagi, the flag ship of 1st Air Fleet, the code words "Tora! Tora! Tora!" (虎 tora is Japanese for "tiger", but in this case, "To" is the initial syllable of the Japanese word 突撃 totsugeki, meaning "charge" or "attack", and "ra" is initial syllable of 雷撃 raigeki, meaning "torpedo attack"). The three word message meant that complete surprise had been achieved in the attack.

The first Japanese assault wave, with 51 D3A dive bombers, 40 B5N torpedo bombers, 50 B5N carrying bombs for high level attacks and 43 A6M fighters, commences the attack.

As the first wave of the attack made its way back to its carriers, Fuchida remained over the target in order to assess damage and to observe the second wave attack. He returned to his carrier after the second wave successfully completed its mission.

Da Fuchida vendte tilbage fra angrebet på Pearl Harbor inspicerede han sin B5N og fandt 20 store huller fra antiluftsskyts og styre ledningen hang i en tynd tråd. Selvom han ikke på nogen måde var religiøs var dette den første i en serie af nærdød oplevelser, der fik ham til at tro at en højere magt vågede over ham.[2] The successful attack against the United States made Fuchida a national hero, earning him an audience with Emperor Hirohito himself. This, mixed with typical Japanese military patriotism, added to his sense of destiny.

On February 19, 1942, Fuchida led the first of two waves of 188 planes in a devastating air raid on Darwin, Australia.

In June, Fuchida was wounded at the Battle of Midway, when he broke both of his ankles after he fell from a ladder during the fire fighting after the Akagi was hit by U.S. bombers. He spent the rest of the war as a staff officer.

Fuchida wrote that he was in Hiroshima the day before the atom bomb was dropped, attending a week-long military conference with the Army. He had received a long distance call from Navy Headquarters, asking him to return to Tokyo.


Efter krigen, i 1949, mødte Fuchida en metodistisk missionær, Jacob DeShazer, der selv havde været korporal i US Army Air Forces og deltaget i det berømte Doolittle-raid, som konverterede ham til kristendommen. Sammen med en kollega udgav han i 1951 en beretning fra Slaget om Midway set fra japansk side. I 1952 blev Fuchida selv en kristen missionær og tog på "turne" i USA, som medlem af "The Worldwide Christian Missionary Army of Sky Pilots". Han tilbragte resten af sit liv som kristen missionær.

Fuchida døde af diabetes i Kashiwara, ved Osaka 30. maj 1976.

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[redigér] Ekstern kilde/henvisning

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