科索沃战役

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這篇帖子講述於1389年發生的科索沃战役; 如你想尋找的是其他的科索沃战役，請參見科索沃战役 (消歧義)。

科索沃战役

之一部份

由Adam Stefanović於1870年繪畫的油畫科索沃战役

日期：	1389年6月15日 (西曆)
位置：	科索沃地區
結果：	據說奧斯曼帝國勝利，雙方主帥皆戰死，雙方都宣稱取得勝利
起因：	{{{casus}}}
領土變更：	{{{territory}}}

參戰者

奧斯曼帝國

塞爾維亞, 波斯尼亞

指揮官

穆拉德一世和他的兒子巴耶塞特一世和Yakub

Lazar Hrebeljanović, Vuk Branković, Vlatko Vuković

兵力

約80,000-120,000人

約70,000人

傷亡

穆拉德一世戰死

Lazar戰死

科索沃戰役(Косовски бој or Бој на Косову)發生於西曆1389年6月15日，為一場奧斯曼帝國與塞爾維亞及波斯尼亞之間的戰役。

這場戰爭的历史真確度仍然只是一個推測的結果，戰役的詳情只有很少或自相矛盾的證據證實。大部分的历史學家覺得唯一能確定相信的就是這是奧斯曼入侵者與早以住於該地的人所發生的一次衝突。

The Ruling Knyaz, Lazar of Serbia, marshalled a 基督教聯軍 coalition force, made of Serbs from both the Serbian empire and from 波斯尼亞. Ottoman Sultan Murad I also gathered a coalition of soldiers and volunteers from neighboring countries in Anatolia and Rumelia. The Ottoman heavily outnumbered the Serbs.

Reliable historical accounts of this battle are scarce, and they've been largely displaced in the Serbian tradition by the epic poetry, which tell a distorted picture of the events.

The armies met at Kosovo Polje. The battle started with Serbian noblemen and Lazar's son-in-law, General Vuk Branković, on one wing, Lazar in the centre, and Bosnian Duke Vlatko Vuković commanding the third wing of the Balkan army.

Murad was assassinated by Miloš Obilić, who made his way into the Turkish camp on the pretext of being a deserter and forced his way into the Sultan's tent and stabbed him with a poisoned dagger. The confusion that followed was quickly quelled by Bayezid, the Sultan's son. For the death of the Sultan, the Ottomans killed many of their prisoners.

The Serbs initially gained advantage after the first charge of the heavy cavalry, which heavily damaged the Turkish wing commanded by Jakub Celebi. In the center, the Serbs managed to push Ottoman forces back with only Bayezid's wing holding off Serbian forces from Bosnia commanded by Vlatko Vuković. The Ottomans in a counter attack pushed Serbian forces back and prevailed later in the day.

Both armies sustained heavy casualties and both armies withdrew from the battlefield, but the toll on Serbia was catastrophic as much of its political elite was wiped out; King Lazar and most of Serbia's knights — more than 150 — died in this one battle.

[编辑] 战役後的影響

Image:Kosovka devojka.jpg

Kosovo maiden

Bayezid I, as the new sultan, united with the Serbians by taking Lazar's daughter, the Serbian princess Olivera Despina, as a wife. The Serbs were forced to pay tribute to the Turks and promised to do military service in the Sultan's army. The Serbs would later be on the side of Bayezid when he attacked the forces of Timur at the Battle of Ankara. Much later, and after two lesser battles, the latter being the siege of Smederevo, the Ottomans eventually annexed the remainder of Serbia in 1459.

The Battle of Kosovo is often glorified in the annals of Serbian history and it is the subject of Serbian medieval epic poetry, some of that poetry being composed soon after the battle, in the court of Lazar's widow, Milica, and clearly hastening Lazar's pathway to canonization.