Commutator (rete de computatores)
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Un commutator es un dispositivo de un rete de computatores que connecta segmentos de un rete local. Illo esseva disveloppate a partir del concentrator electronic, ubi le concentrator constitue le dispositivo nodal central pro un rete in topologia stella. In un concentrator condividite, tote le connexiones de rete stella recipe un quadro de diffusion. Le commutator connecte segmentos Ethernet e Token Ring basate super le adresse MAC e le connexiones es mantenite solmente durante que le datos es transmittite. Iste strategia puncto-a-puncto permitte que le commutator connecte multiple pares de segmentos simultaneemente, permittente que plus de un computator transmitte datos in un date momento.
Il ha tres modalitates de functionamento de un commutator:
- Patrono:Cut through
- Patrono:Store and forward
- Patrono:Cut-through sin errores
Un commutator es simile a un concentrator in le facto que illo forni un unic dominio de diffusion, mais es differente in le facto que cata porta in un commutator es su proprie dominio de collision.
Switches provide difficulties in monitoring traffic because each port is isolated until it transmits data and even then only the sending and receiving ports are connected.
Two popular methods that are specifically designed to allow a network manager to monitor traffic are:
- port mirroring -- the switch sends a copy of network packets to a monitoring network connection.
- SMON -- "Switch Monitoring" is described by RFC 2613 and is a protocol for controlling facilities such as port mirroring.
Other methods have been devised to allow snooping on another computer on the network without the cooperation of the switch:
- ARP Spoofing -- fooling the target computer into using your own MAC address for the network gateway, or alternatively getting it to use the broadcast MAC.
- MAC Flooding -- overloading the switch with a large number of MAC addresses, so that it drops into a "failopen mode".
See also:
- router
- layer 3 switch
- telephone switch
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