משתמש:Uv1234/טקטיקה צבאית
מתוך ויקיפדיה, האנציקלופדיה החופשית
Military tactics (Greek: Taktikē, the art of organizing an army) is the collective name for methods of engaging and defeating an enemy in battle. Changes in philosophy and technology over time have been reflected in changes to military tactics.
Up until the nineteenth century, many military tactics were confined to battlefield concerns, such as how to best maneuver units during combat in open terrain. In current military thought, tactics comprise the operational use of forces in a particular combat situation. Tactics may be contrasted with military strategy, which is concerned with the overall means and plan for achieving a long-term outcome.
Specialized tactics exist for many situations, ranging from securing a room or individual building, to large-scale operations such as establishing air superiority over a region. Today, military tactics are employed at all levels of command, from individual and group up to entire armed forces. Indeed, the units used in warfare have always been a reflection of current military tactics, and their size and composition have varied accordingly. In British terminology, military tactics involving naval forces are often called naval tactics (cf. usage of military).
In the United States Army, FM 3-0 offers the following definition of "tactics:" "tactics – (Department Of Defense) 1. The employment of units in combat. 2. The ordered arrangement and maneuver of units in relation to each other and/or to the enemy in order to use their full potentialities. (Army) The employment of units in combat. It includes the ordered arrangement and maneuver of units in relation to each other, the terrain, and the enemy in order to translate potential combat power into victorious battles and engagements. (FM 3-0)." Within the scope of war, the US military generally defines three levels of war; 1. the strategic which includes both the National level and the Combatant Command (theater) level; 2. the operational level, which extends from the level of a joint task force including the combined forces of naval and air power with amphibious and ground operation to the maneuver brigade echelon; and 3. the tactical echelon that extends from the maneuver brigade to the lowest fighting elements including individual soldiers.
Common military tactics include frontal assaults, attempts to flank the enemy, keeping troops in reserve and the use of ambushes. Often deception in the form of camouflage, or misdirection using decoys, are used to confuse the enemy. Another major military tactic is trench warfare. This was mainly employed in World War I in the Battle of Gallipoli and the western front. Trench warfare often turned to a stalemate, because in order to attack an enemy entrenchment soldiers had to run through an exposed "no man's land" under heavy fire from an entrenched enemy.
[עריכה] See also
- Infantry Minor Tactics
- List of military tactics
- Military doctrine
- Military History
- Modern naval tactics
- Operational warfare
- Warfare
- Cavalry tactics
- Roman Military Tactics
[עריכה] Bibliography
- Gerhard Muhm : German Tactics in the Italian Campaign , http://www.larchivio.org/xoom/gerhardmuhm2.htm
- Gerhard Muhm : LA TATTICA TEDESCA NELLA CAMPAGNA D'ITALIA, in LINEA GOTICA AVAMPOSTO DEI BALCANI, (Hrsg.) Amedeo Montemaggi - Edizioni Civitas, Roma 1993
[עריכה] External links
{{קצרמר צבא}} [[קטגוריה:טקטיקה צבאית]] [[קטגוריה:אמנות המלחמה]] [[קטגוריה:היסטוריה צבאית]] [[קטגוריה:צבא]] [[en:Military Tactics]] [[cs:Vojenská taktika]] [[de:Taktik (Militär)]] [[it:Tattica militare]] [[mk:Воена тактика]] [[ms:Taktik tentera]] [[pl:Taktyka]] [[ru:Тактика]] [[sl:Vojaška taktika]] [[sv:Taktik]]
