UEFA Champions League
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| UEFA Champions League | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Sport | Football |
| Founded | 1955 |
| No. of teams | 32 (Group stages) |
| Country | UEFA member associations |
| Current champions |  F.C. Barcelona |
The UEFA Champions League (which used to be named and is often still called the European Cup) is an annual club football competition organized by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) for the most successful football clubs in Europe. It is one of the most prestigious club trophies in the sport along with South America's Copa Libertadores. It has a global audience of more than a billion people.
The tournament was inaugurated in 1955 at the suggestion of the French sports journalist and L'Équipe editor Gabriel Hanot,[1] as a competition for winners of the European national football leagues under the name of the European Cup, but since the 1992–1993 season the competing teams have been the top performing domestic teams of Europe and the tournament has been renamed the UEFA Champions League, though some teams competing have never been champions in their respective countries. The UEFA Champions League is not to be confused with the UEFA Cup, the secondary championship for European club teams, or with the now defunct Cup Winners Cup.
The current holder of the UEFA Champions League trophy is Barcelona who beat Arsenal 2-1 at the Stade de France in St-Denis, Paris on 17 May 2006.
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[edit] Format
The tournament consists of several stages and begins with three preliminary knockout qualifying rounds. Different teams start in different rounds, according to their position in domestic league and the UEFA coefficients of their league, while the sixteen top ranked teams spread across the biggest domestic leagues qualify directly.
In each subsequent preliminary round, participating teams are paired, with aggregate winners proceeding into the next round. Qualifying rounds span from mid-July to late August. The losers of the third qualifying round are transferred to the UEFA Cup, while the sixteen winners of the final qualifying round are joined by the sixteen teams who have qualified directly, to participate in the group stage.
They are drawn into eight groups of four teams, each team playing every other team in the group twice (home and away). The group stage is played between mid-September and early December. The teams finishing third in their groups are transferred to the UEFA Cup, while the top two teams from every group qualify for the next round. Here the sixteen remaining teams take part in the knock-out stage, which starts in late February and ends with the final match in May.
All qualifying round and knock-out ties are two-legged, with each team hosting one match. The team which scores the greater aggregate number of goals qualifies for the next round. The away goals rule applies. Extra time and penalty kicks are used to determine the winner, if necessary. An exception is the final, which is a single match played at a predetermined venue.
The draws are currently structured to ensure that clubs representing the same national association cannot play each other until the quarter-finals. In addition, seeding of the teams according to their UEFA coefficients is used. The competition system has been undergoing changes since the 1991/92 season (see history). The current system was adopted in 2003.
[edit] Qualification
The UEFA Champions league is open to the league champions of all UEFA member associations (except Liechtenstein, which has no league competition, as well as the two of the lowest-ranked league competitions in Europe, currently the Andorra and San Marino leagues), as well as to the clubs finishing from second to fourth position in the strongest leagues.
The number of places in the competition depends on the association's rank in the UEFA coefficients table:
- associations ranked 1 to 3 have four positions,
- associations ranked 4 to 6 have three positions,
- associations ranked 7 to 15 have two positions,
- associations ranked 16 or lower have one position.
An association's rank also determines the stage at which the clubs enter the competition. For example, the three highest-ranked associations have two places in the group stage (for champions and runners-up) and two in the third qualifying round (for third and fourth-placed teams), whereas the lowest-ranked associations have only one place in the first qualifying round for their champions. Nine highest-ranked associations have at least one automatic place in the group stage.
An additional place in the group stage is reserved for the title-holders, in case they don't qualify via their domestic league. However, an association is limited to sending at most four clubs for a season. This means that if the title-holders come from a league given four positions, but finish out of the top four, it will take the place of the fourth placed team. The fourth placed team will go to the UEFA Cup.
In addition to sporting criteria, any club must be licensed by its national association to participate in the Champions league. To obtain a licence, club must meet certain stadium, infrastructure and finance requirements.
There was controversy when Liverpool won the competition in 2004/2005, but finished outside the top four in the Premiership. The Football Association ruled that Everton F.C. (who finished fourth) would get the final spot. However, UEFA came to an agreement that both Merseyside rivals would be allowed to enter the competition with Liverpool starting from the first qualifying round and Everton starting from the third qualifying round. Liverpool became the first team to negotiate all three rounds of qualification and reach the Champions League group phase, a feat matched by Artmedia Bratislava of Slovakia in the same season. Liverpool went on to become the first team to reach the knockout phase from the first qualifying round.
FC Barcelona, Manchester United and FC Porto are the teams that have appeared most often in the group stages: twelve each. However, each have only won the Champions League once.
[edit] Champions League finals
The Champions League final is the most important match of the season in European club football. The stadium to host the final is selected by UEFA two years before the match.
The latest UEFA Champions League final was held at Stade de France on 17 May 2006 between Arsenal and Barcelona, which Barcelona won 2-1. In this particular match, Arsenal goalkeeper Jens Lehmann was sent off and two late goals by Samuel Eto'o and Juliano Belletti (both assisted by Henrik Larsson) secured victory for the Spanish side who had previously been trailing 1-0 to the Gunners for the majority of the match.
- The 2006-07 season final will take place at the Spiros Louis, Athens.
- The 2007-08 season final will take place at the Luzhniki Stadium, Moscow.
- The 2008-09 season final will take place at the Stadio Olimpico, Rome[2].
Real Madrid have won this competition nine times. The next most successful teams are A.C. Milan (six titles), Liverpool F.C. (five titles), FC Bayern Munich and Ajax Amsterdam (four titles). For complete list of the winners, see European Cup and Champions League finals or European Cup and Champions League statistics.
The winning club gets possession of the trophy at the awards ceremony, but must return it to UEFA headquarters two months before the following year's final. UEFA gives the winners a scaled-down replica of the trophy to keep permanently, and winning clubs are free to make replicas of the trophy as long as they are clearly marked as replicas and are no larger than 80% of the size of the actual trophy. However, the current competition rules also specify that the actual trophy will be permanently awarded to a team that wins three consecutive years or five times in all [3].
Five clubs have been awarded the UEFA badge of honour and the right to keep the trophy permanently:
- Real Madrid, who won the first five competitions from 1956 to 1960,
- Ajax Amsterdam, who won consecutively in 1971–1973,
- Bayern Munich, who won consecutively in 1974–1976,
- A.C. Milan, who won for the fifth time in 1994,
- Liverpool, whose 2005 win was their fifth overall.
The first European Cup/UEFA Champions League final to be competed between two clubs from the same country was in 2000, when Spanish giants Real Madrid and Valencia reached the final. This was followed in 2003 when Italian giants AC Milan and Juventus reached the final, making it only two intra-national finals since its inception in 1955.
[edit] History
Originally known as the European Champion Clubs' Cup, or simply abbreviated to European Cup, the competition began in 1955/56 using a two-leg knockout format where the teams would play two matches, one at home and one away, and the team with the highest overall score qualifying for the next round of the competition. Entry was restricted to the teams that won their national league championships, plus the current European Cup holder. This qualification system continued until 1997. From the 1997/98 season, the rules were changed to provide the cup with more exposure (and the extra sponsorship money that came with it), and to try to make it more "exciting". Teams other than national champions were allowed to compete, based on the relative strength of the football in that nation - from UEFA's point of view, a team finishing second in the Spanish La Liga would be more deserving of an automatic place in the Champions League than a team finishing first in, for example, Polish Orange Ekstraklasa. As a result, the system was restructured to force "weaker" national champions to qualify for the group stages, while other, "stronger" national runners-up would automatically get places.
The competition is organised and run annually in a similar manner to the Copa Libertadores in South America.
[edit] Records and statistics
[edit] By Nation
[edit] By Club
(List sorted by wins, losing finals then chronology of their most recent win then most recent appearance)
[edit] Hymn
The UEFA Champions League Anthem, officially titled simply as "Champions League", is an arrangement by Tony Britten of Georg Frideric Handel's "Zadok the Priest" from the Coronation Anthems. UEFA commissioned Britten in 1992 to arrange their hymn, who took the beginning of "Zadok the Priest" as a starting point for his arrangement. The piece was performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra and sung by the Academy of St. Martin in the Fields chorus in the three official languages used by UEFA: English, German, and French. The hymn's chorus is played before each UEFA Champions League game, as well as at the beginning and end of television broadcasts of the matches. The complete hymn is about three minutes long, and has two short verses and the chorus. The hymn has never been released commercially in its original version, however, Polish trance/dance duo Kalwi & Remi have released their remixed version titled "Victory", that contains vocal and musical interpolations from the original, in late 2006.
[edit] Financial
UEFA Champions League is a highly profitable competition for the clubs that reach the group stage. UEFA distributes part of the revenue obtained from television deals between these clubs. For example, the payments for the 2004/05 competition ranged from €3.8m (Sparta Prague) to €30.6 million (Liverpool) [4]. UEFA estimates the amount of money to be given to the 32 participants of the 2005/06 group stage at €430 million [5]. Clubs make additional money from ticket sales, corporate hospitality, merchandising and so on.
[edit] See also
- European Cup and Champions League history
- European Cup and Champions League finals for a table of all winners and runners-up
- European Cup and Champions League statistics for further detail
- European Super Cup
- UEFA Cup
- UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
- UEFA Intertoto Cup
- UEFA Club Football Awards
- European football records
- G-14
[edit] References
- ^ Matthew Spiro (2006-05-12). Hats off to Hanot (English). UEFA.com. Retrieved on 2006-07-10.
- ^ Man City stadium given Uefa final (English). BBC. Retrieved on 2006-09-04.
- ^ Regulations for the UEFA Champions League 2006/07 (English) (PDF). UEFA. Retrieved on 2006-07-10.
- ^ UEFA CHAMPIONS LEAGUE - DISTRIBUTION 2002/2003 (English) (PDF). UEFA. Retrieved on 2006-07-10.
- ^ Higher Champions League revenue (English). UEFA.com (2005-09-26). Retrieved on 2006-07-10.
[edit] External links
- UEFA Official Site
- Lyrics and audio file of the UEFA Champions League Music
- RSSSF European Cups Archive
- UEFA European Cup Football - independent site with regularly updated statistics including club and country rankings, tournament seedings, and match results.
- Moscow2008.org - Luzhniki stadium
- Rome2009.net - Olimpico stadium
- UEFA Champions Football League - Sportingo News Articles & Opinions
| European Cup Seasons |
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1955-56 - 1956-57 - 1957-58 - 1958-59 - 1959-60 - 1960-61 - 1961-62 - 1962-63 - 1963-64 - 1964-65 - 1965-66 - 1966-67 - 1967-68 - 1968-69 - 1969-70 - 1970-71 - 1971-72 - 1972-73 - 1973-74 - 1974-75 - 1975-76 - 1976-77 - 1977-78 - 1978-79 - 1979-80 - 1980-81 - 1981-82 - 1982-83 - 1983-84 - 1984-85 - 1985-86 - 1986-87 - 1987-88 - 1988-89 - 1989-90 - 1990-91 - 1991-92 - Champions League |
| UEFA Champions League Seasons |
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European Cup - 1992-93 - 1993-94 - 1994-95 - 1995-96 - 1996-97 - 1997-98 - 1998-99 - 1999-00 - 2000-01 - 2001-02 - 2002-03 - 2003-04 - 2004-05 - 2005-06 - 2006-07 |
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