Indonesian rupiah

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The Rupiah (Rp) is the official currency of Indonesia. Issued and controlled by the Bank of Indonesia, the ISO 4217 currency code for the Indonesian rupiah is IDR. The symbol used on all banknotes and coins are Rp. The name derives from the Indian monetary unit rupee. Informally, Indonesians also use the word "perak" ('silver' in Indonesian) in referring to rupiah.

Contents 1 History 1.1 First Rupiah, 1945-1965 1.2 Second Rupiah, 1965 2 Notes and coins 3 Denominations 4 Security features 5 External links

[edit] History

[edit] First Rupiah, 1945-1965

The first rupiah was introduced in 1945 although during the Indonesian War of Independence (1945-1949), the rupiah circulated alongside the Netherlands Indies gulden (including issues of the Japanese government, the Javanese Bank (Java rupiah) and the Dutch Government (NICA gulden)) and the Netherlands Indies roepiah, which had also been issued by the Japanese government. By the end of 1949, the Republic's Rupiah replaced the other currencies throughout Indonesia.

The Riau islands and the Indonesian half of New Guinea (Irian Barat) had their own variants of the rupiah, but these were subsumed into the national rupiah in 1964 and 1971 respectively (see Riau rupiah and West New Guinea rupiah).

[edit] Second Rupiah, 1965

Rampant inflation caused, on December 13, 1965, the new rupiah to be introduced at a rate of 1000 old rupiah to one new rupiah.

The Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998 reduced the rupiah's value by 35% overnight and was a major factor in the overthrow of President Suharto's government. The rupiah had traded at about 2,000–3,000 rupiah per 1 USD, but reached a low of 16,800 rupiah per dollar in June 1998.

The rupiah is a freely convertible currency, but trades at a discount compared to its PPP-based valuation, due to continued high inflation. As of August 2006, 1 USD is worth approximately Rp 9,100. Inside Indonesia the preferred currency for exchange is the US dollar. Other currencies are typically subject to a wide exchange spread.

[edit] Notes and coins

Indonesian currency comes in whole units only, as sen (¹⁄₁₀₀ rupiah, cents) have been eliminated due to inflation.

Indonesian bank notes are typical paper notes, although polymer notes have been issued on two occasions. In 1993, five million polymer 50,000 rupiah notes were issued to commemorate "25 years of economic development", featuring Soeharto on the front and Soekarno-Hatta airport on the back, with a plane taking off to symbolise Indonesia's growth. The 1999 series 100,000 rupiah note was also plastic/polymer, issued because according to Bank Indonesia plastic would be harder to counterfeit and would last longer. However, the notes were not popular in banks as counting machines were unable to count them accurately, and the current (2004) series is now made from paper.

There are two series of banknotes currently in circulation, with the 2004–2005 series gradually replacing the 1998–2001 series. Pre-1997 notes are no longer legal tender but can be exchanged in Bank Indonesia offices. As the smallest current note is worth approximately US$0.10, even small transactions such as bus fares are typically conducted with notes, and the 1,000 rupiah note is far more common than the 1,000 rupiah coin.

There are presently two series of coinage in circulation: metal alloy coins from 1995–1997 and lightweight aluminum coins from 2002–2005. Due to the low value and general shortage of small denomination coins (below 100 rupiah), it is common to receive sweets in lieu of the last few rupiah of change in supermarkets and stores.

[edit] Denominations

Indonesian rupiah banknotes [1]
Value	Series	Size	Dominant color	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	Value's First Year	Availability
Rp 100	1992	136x68mm	Red	Phinisi Boat	Krakatoa	Ki Hajar Dewantara	1964	Rare
Rp 500	1992	140X68mm	Green	Orang Utan	Traditional house of East Kalimantan	H.O.S Cokroaminoto	1968
Rp 1000	2000	141x65mm	Blue	Captain Pattimura	Mutiara and Tidore island	Cut Nyak Meutia	1968	High
Rp 5,000	2001	143x65mm	Green	Tuanku Imam Bonjol	Woman weaving		1968
Rp 10,000	2005	148x72mm	Purple	Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II	Segara Anak	Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II	1964
Rp 20,000		152x72mm	Green	Otto Iskandardinata	Tea plantation	Otto Iskandardinata	1992
Rp 50,000	2005	152x72mm	Blue	I Gusti Ngurah Rai	A Temple in Bali	I Gusti Ngurah Rai	1993
Rp 100,000		151x65mm	Red	Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta	People's Consultative Assembly building	Garuda Pancasila	1999

Indonesian rupiah coins [2]
Value	Series	Diameter	Thickness	Weight	Material	Observe	Reverse	First Minted Year
Rp 1	1970	22mm	1.4mm	1.42g	Aluminum	Sikatan Bird	"1" Image	1970
Rp 2	1970	?mm	?mm	?g		?	"2" Image	1970
Rp 5	1970	?mm	?mm	?g		?	"5" Image	1970
	1974	?mm	?mm	?g		Family Program Logo	"5" Image	1974
	1979	23mm	1.7mm	1.38g		Family Program Logo	"5" Image	1979
Rp 10	1971	?mm	?mm	?g	Cupper/Nickel	"10" Image	?	1971
	1974	?mm	?mm	?g	Aluminum/Bronze		Family Program Logo	1974
	1979	?mm	?mm	?g	Aluminum		Family Program Logo	1979
Rp 25	1971	?mm	?mm	?g	Cupper/Nickel	?	Value	1971
	1991+	18mm	1.98mm	1.22g	Aluminium	Garuda	Pala Fruit	1991
Rp 50	1971	20mm	1.58mm	3.18g	Cupper/Nickel	?	Value	1971
	1991	?mm	?mm	?g	Aluminum/Bronze	Garuda	"50" Komodo dragon	1991
	1999+	20mm	2mm	1.36g	Aluminum		"50" Image and Kepondang Bird`	1999
Rp 100	1973	?mm	?mm	?g`	Cupper/Nickel	Dwelling	Value	1973
	1978	?mm	?mm	?g`		Dwelling	Value	1978
	1991	?mm	?mm	?g`	Cupper/Nickel	Garuda	Cow racing?	1991
	1999+	26mm	2mm	8.6g`	Aluminium		Kakatua raja	1999
Rp 200	2003	23mm	2.3mm	2.38g			Balinese Jalak Bird	2003
Rp 500	1991	24mm	1.83mm	5.34g	Aluminum/Bronze	Garuda	?	1991
	1994	24mm	1.83mm	5.34g	Aluminum/Bronze		Jasmine	1994
	2003	27mm	2.5mm	3.1g	Aluminum		Jasmine	2003
Rp 1000	1993	26mm	2mm	8.6g`	Nickel and Bronze		"1000" Image and Oil Palm	1993

[edit] Security features

• The materials of the banknotes basically are long fibres from any kind of wood, or a mix of different types of wood. However, the preferable material is the Abaca fibre, which is naturally plentiful in Indonesia and is believe to increase the durability of the banknotes. The banknotes are made with the process of heating, to create a unique type of pulp.

• The minimum security features for naked eyes are watermarks, electrotypes and security threads with color fibres. In addition to this, extra features may be included, such as holograms, Irisafe, irredescent stripes, clear windows, metameric windows and gold patches.
  • Watermark and Electrotype are made by controlling the gap of density of the fibres which create certain images for the banknotes. This is done to rise the quality of the notes from the aestethic view.
  • Security threads are put in the middle of the note's materials so horizontal and vertical lines are showns from top to bottom. The threads also can be made with many variations such as the materials, size, color and design.

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[edit] External links

• Will's Online World Paper Money Gallery Images and information on banknotes from around the world, including a nice section with information and images of both current and historic Indonesian banknotes
• Daily Rupiah exchange rates from other currencies (Bank Indonesia rates)
• Latest Rupiah exchange rates from USD, EUR, GBP, and other currencies (from Yahoo! Finance)
• Polymer Notes - Indonesia
• Indonesian Government Security Printing and Minting Corp. (PERURI)
• Identifying the authenticity of Rupiah banknotes and coins (Bank Indonesia)
• Information on Rupiah (expat.or.id)
• Images of banknotes Rupiah (Banknotes.com)
• Images of banknotes Guilder (Banknotes.com)

Rupees
Current	Indian rupee | Indonesian rupiah | Maldivian rufiyaa | Mauritian rupee | Nepalese rupee | Pakistani rupee | Seychellois rupee | Sri Lankan rupee
Defunct	Afghan rupee | Bhutanese rupee | Burmese rupee | Danish Indian rupee | (British) East African rupee | French Indian rupee | German East African rupie | Gulf rupee | Hyderabad rupee | Italian Somaliland rupia | Netherlands Indian roepiah | Portuguese Indian rupia | Riau rupiah | Travancore rupee | West New Guinean rupiah | Zanzibari rupee
Fictional	Hyrulean rupee
See also	History of the rupee
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