表情符號 (圖片)

维基百科，自由的百科全书

這篇文章指的是網際網路上的「表情符號」，另一個是ACSII式表情符號

表情符号，MSN Messenger称图释is a sketchy representation of a smiling 臉,大部分塗成黃色。

[编辑] Invention and representation

最早以兩點及一條弧線去表示微笑（或不滿）的表情的是出現在1953年3月10日約紐先驅報講壇（New York Herald Tribune）20頁，第4至6欄的一則廣告中，該廣告為Leslie Caron主演的電影《莉莉》（Lili）作宣傳，內容如下：

今天

你將會笑

你將會哭 [frown]

你將會愛 [heart-shaped face] Lili

这部电影当然在全球公映，因此该则广告也出现在许多报纸上。^[1]

表情符號,是1963年由Harvey Ball为一部乌斯特, 麻沙却塞州的保险电影State Mutual Life Assurance而创造的一个带着微笑的黄色纽扣形圆脸，由两个小圆点代表眼睛。虽然也曾经有人想把它作为商标注册，但是在这个计划成功之前，它便因为落入public domain的圈套而宣告失败。^[2]

David Stern of David Stern Inc.,a 西雅圖-based advertising agency also claims to have invented the smiley. Stern reportedly developed his version in 1967 as part of an ad campaign for a savings and loan firm,but says he did not think to trademark it.^[3]

The graphic was popularized in the early 1970s by a pair of brothers, Murray and Bernard Spain, who seized upon it in a campaign to sell novelty items. The two produced buttons as well as coffee mugs, t-shirts, bumper stickers and many other items emblazoned with the symbol and the phrase "Have a happy day" (devised by Murray). By 1972 there were an estimated 50 million smiley face buttons throughout the U.S., at which point the fad began to subside.

The smiley was one of the main icons adopted by the acid house dance music culture that emerged in the late 1980s.特別在美國，the logo was especially associated in the dance culture underground with the drug Ecstasy.

There have been variations such as reversing the mouth shape to get a sad face. The symbol has been satirized with a smile and three dots (a mutant), and has been reborn as the image of the 微軟 Bob software and Asda & Wal-Mart's "Rolling Back Prices" campaign.

微笑表情 has become a staple of 網路文化,with animated GIF and other image representations, as well as the ubiquitous text-based 表情, " :) ". The smiley has been used for the printable version of characters 1 and 2 (one "black," the other "white") on the default font on the IBM PC and successor compatible machines,though modern fonts for graphical user interfaces often don't include those characters.

Keeptalking,a product of Unet2 Corporation, was one of the first companies to implement a text->graphic smiley system into their chat software, years before it became popular.While their system still runs today it never caught on and became popular despite it being one of the original places to see smileys.

在近代,表情符號通常是幽默的標誌。

在2002年五月，Luke Helder,a midwestern pipe-bomber,tried to replicate a smiley face in his pattern of pipe bombs. His first 16 bombs formed circles,the first in 內布拉斯加 and the second on the border between 伊利諾州 and 愛荷華州.Those bombs completed the eyes. Two other bombs in 德州 and 科羅拉多州 were apparently the beginnings of the smile.However, he was captured before he completed it.

[编辑] 表情符號在大眾娛樂

• The film Forrest Gump(Robert Zemeckis,1994) comically featured the smiley being "invented" when the main character wipes his mud-covered face off with a yellow t-shirt, inspiring a struggling businessman with the makeshift design.
• The film Fight Club(David Fincher,1999) has a brief "smiley bombing" scene on the side of an office building. A similar face previously appeared in the Fight Clubnovel.
• he yellow smiley is a recurring theme in the comic book series Watchmen (Alan Moore & David Gibbons,1986).表情符號 is used as an insignia by the character named "The Comedian." An image of a smiley face with a streak of red (originally blood) across it both begins and closes the series, and appears on the cover of the graphic novel reprint.
• In the comic book series Transmetropolitan the smiley with three eyes logo features as the symbol of the Transient Movement,a group of humans in the process of morphing their DNA with that of aliens, and was later used as a symbol of the series itself.The 2001 movieEvolution used a similar smiley in promotions a number of years later.
• The first-person shooter game MIDI Maze,1987(for the Atari ST) and its follow up Faceball 2000(for various handhelds and consoles) exclusively used 3D-rendered smileys of various shapes,expressions, and colors as its players and enemies.
• In Timescape,an episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation, Captain Jean-Luc Picard laughed hysterically at a smiley he carved in a cloud of smoke that was frozen in time.The cloud was a product of a warp core explosion.
• "Smiley" is also the nickname of 英國 guitarist and comedian,Craig Barton.
• Unet2 Corporation implemented Smileys in their Keeptalking chat system years before they became popular. Due to mismanagement of the company and network by James and Greg Monaco, they failed to capitalize off of the smiley phenomenon.
• "Smileys" is also the name of a gang in the Rockstar video game Manhunt.

[编辑] 外部連結

1. ^ American Dialect Society Mailing List, subject Smiley (March 1953), 13 October 2001
2. ^  Who invented the smiley face?(from The Straight Dope)
3. ^ Hunt,Judi.(十一月十五日,1988).Seattle Post-Intelligencer.Article entitled "Ad Man Sad-Faced Over Misuse of Symbol".

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