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盎魯效應 - Wikipedia

盎魯效應

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盎鲁效應,也譯作安魯效應,是1976年由當時在英屬哥倫比亞大學的威廉·盎魯(William G. Unruh)[1][2]所提出,此效應預言:一名加速運動的觀察者可以觀測到慣性參考系中觀察者無法看到的黑体辐射,即加速運動的觀察者會發現自己處在一個溫暖的背景中。所表示的意義為慣性參考系中觀察者所看到的量子基態,在一名加速參考系的觀察者看来則是處在熱力學平衡態。

[编辑] 數學計算

以加速度a均勻加速的粒子所有的相應能量kT為:

kT = \frac{\hbar a}{2\pi c}

k玻爾茲曼常數T是以開爾文溫標(K)表示的絕對溫度,\hbar約化普朗克常數c真空中光速

因此,因為地球重力場而以加速度g = 9.81 m/s²加速的一顆粒子,其所見到的真空溫度只有4×10−20 K。要從實驗上驗證盎魯效應,加速度須達1026 m/s²,以得到約400,000 K的溫度。

盎魯效應也導致加速粒子的衰變率與慣性粒子的不同。如質子等的穩定粒子在加速時具有不為零的衰變率。[1] [2] [3]

[编辑] 文獻

  1. R. Mueller, Decay of accelerated particles, Phys. Rev. D 56, 953-960 (1997) preprint.
  2. D. A. T. Vanzella and G. E. A. Matsas, Decay of accelerated protons and the existence of the Fulling-Davies-Unruh effect, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 151301 (2001)preprint.
  3. H. Suzuki and K. Yamada, Analytic Evaluation of the Decay Rate for Accelerated Proton, Phys. Rev. D 67, 065002 (2003) preprint.
  • Thorne, Kip, Black Holes and Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy, W. W. Norton & Company; Reprint edition, January 1, 1995, ISBN 0-393-31276-3. (1994) - Chapter 12 "Black holes evaporate", especially pp. 444 (box 12.5) "Acceleration Radiation".
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