瓦莱达奥斯塔
维基百科，自由的百科全书
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| 地域 | 意大利西北部 |
| 首府 | 奥斯塔 |
| 区长 | Carlo Perrin (Union Valdôtaine) |
| 省份 | 无 |
| 市 | 74 |
| 面积 | 3,263 km² |
| - 排名 | 第20位 (1.1 %) |
| 人口 (2001) - 总计 - 排名 |
119,548 第20位 (0.2 %) 37/km² |
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| 在意大利的地图上高亮显示瓦莱达奥斯塔的位置 | |
瓦莱达奥斯塔（意大利语：Valle d'Aosta，法语：Vallée d'Aoste；阿皮坦語：Valle d'Aosta）是意大利西北部的一个多山的政区，是意大利最小的政区。其西方为法国，北方为瑞士，南方为皮埃蒙特政区。政区为特别自治区，也是意大利的省份之一。政区首府为奥斯塔。
政区面积3,263 km²，大约有113，000的人口，concentrated in the valley bottomlands and partially Francophone. French is used in the government acts and laws, though the language actually spoken by the biggest part of the population is Francoprovençal, a patois that used to be spoken more generally in Savoy, French-speaking Switzerland, Lyon area and the Jura. The valle d'Aosta is the region in which the language is most in use.
The Valle d'Aosta is an Alpine valley that with its side valleys includes the Italian slopes of Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn; its highest peak is the Gran Paradiso, protected in Gran Paradiso National Park, established in 1922. It is a major centre for winter sports, most famously at Courmayeur. The Dora Baltea has its origins in the Valle d'Aosta, flowing south to join the Po.
The upper Val d'Aosta is the traditional southern starting-point for the tracks, then roads, which divided here to lead over the Alpine passes. The road through the Great St Bernard Pass (or today the Great St Bernard Tunnel) leads to Martigny, Valais, and the one through the Little St Bernard Pass to Bourg-Saint-Maurice, Savoie. Today Aosta is joined to Chamonix in France by the Mont Blanc Tunnel, a road tunnel on E25 running underneath the Alps.
The area was of strategic importance, under the control of many different rulers after the collapse of Roman rule in the 5th century, until it passed to the house of Savoy in the 11th century. Valle d'Aosta was established as an autonomous region of Italy in 1948.
[编辑] 历史
The first inhabitants of the Valle d'Aosta were Celts and Ligures, whose language lingers in some local placenames. Rome conquered the region from the local Salassi ca. 25 BC and founded Augusta Praetoria (Aosta) to secure the strategic mountain passes, which they improved with bridges and roads. After Rome it preserved traditions of autonomy, reinforced by its seasonal isolation, though it was loosely held in turns by the Goths and the Lombards, then by the Burgundian kings in the 5th century, followed by the Franks, who overrran the Burgundian kingdom in 534. At the division among the heirs of Charlemagne in 870, the Valle d'Aosta formed part of the Lotharingian Kingdom of Italy, in a second partition a decade later, part of the Kingom of Upper Burgundy, which was joined to the Kingdom of Arles— all doubtless without many significant corresponding changes in the personnel of the virtually independent fiefs in the Valle d'Aosta. In 1031/2 Umberto Biancamano, the founder of the house of Savoy, received the title count of Aosta from the Emperor Conrad II of the Franconian line and built himself a commanding fortification at Bard. St Anselm of Canterbury was born in Aosta in 1033/4. The region was divided among strongly fortified castles, and in 1191 Tomaso di Savoia found it necessary to grant to the communes a Carta delle Franchigie ("Charter of Liberties") that preserved autonymy, rights that were fiercely defended until 1770, when they were revoked, to tie Aosta more closely to the Piedmont, but which kept re-surfacing during post-Napoleonic times. Under Mussolini, a forced programme of "Italianization", including population transfers of Valdostans into Piedmont and Italian-speaking workers into Aosta, fostered movements towards separatism; Aosta was regranted its autonymy in 1948 [1]. In the mid-13th century Emperor Frederick II made the County of Aosta a duchy, and its arms were carried in the Savoia arms until the reunification of Italy, 1870 [2]. The region remained part of Savoy lands, with the exception of a French occupation, 1539 – 1563.
During the Middle Ages the region remained strongly feudal, and castles, such as those of the Challant family in the Valley of Gressoney, still dot the landscape. In the 12th and 13th centuries, German-speaking Walser communities were established in the Gressoney, and some communes retain their separate Walser identity even today.
The Valle d'Aosta remained agricultural and pastoral until the construction of dams to harness the potential of its hydroelectric power brought metal-working industry to the region.
- "Particularism": autonomy in the Valle d'Aosta
[编辑] 市列表
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[编辑] 外部链接
| 意大利行政區劃 |  |
|---|---|
| 意大利政区 | |
| 阿布鲁佐 | 巴斯利卡塔 | 卡拉布里亚 | 坎帕尼亚 | 艾米利亚-罗马涅 | 拉齐奥 | 利古里亚 伦巴第 | 马尔凯 | 莫利塞 | 皮埃蒙特 | 普利亚 | 托斯卡纳 | 翁布里亚 | 威尼托 |
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| 拥有自治权的政区 | |
| 弗留利-威尼斯朱利亚 | 萨丁 | 西西里 | 特伦蒂诺-上阿迪杰 | 瓦莱达奥斯塔 | |
