戰神廣場 (羅馬)
维基百科，自由的百科全书
位於義大利羅馬的戰神廣場，原文Campus Martius，是一個古羅馬遺留下來的公有的地區，佔地約二平方公里（約六百英畝）， It was dedicated to Mars, the Roman god of war, and was used for pasturing horses and sheep, when it was not a focus of military training activity. Since it was outside the walls of Rome until the Aurelian Walls were built, the Campus Martius was a natural place for audience given to foreign ambassadors who could not enter the city, and foreign cults were housed in temples erected there.
戰神廣場本身曾是 a low-lying plain west of the via Lata, the modern Corso next to a bend in the River Tiber. According to one legend, it was once a field of wheat owned by Tarquinius Superbus, last King of Rome, but was burnt during the revolution which established the Roman Republic. Dedicated to the god of warfare with an ancient altar, the Campus Martius was closely linked to soldiers and the army. Initially, the field was often used by soldiers for purposes of training. Later, it was frequently the focus of Triumphs, the celebrations of a successful military campaigns.
Starting in the time of Sulla, building lots were sold or granted to influential romans, and insulae (apartment blocks) and villas encroached on the common land. It later became a point of assembly for civic meetings, and of the city's militia. Pompey built the first stone theater in Rome in the Campus Martius in 55 BC. Agrippa had the swampy ground made into a pool and baths in a setting of parkland and temples, and built the Porticus Argonautarum and the Laconicum Sudatorium. In 33 BC Octavian dedicated there the Porticus Octavia, built from spoils of the Dalmatian War.
戰神廣場also held the Ara Pacis (Altar of Peace), built by the Senate to mark the establishment of peace by Augustus. It was intended to symbolise the successful completion of Augustus's efforts to stabilize the Empire.
逐漸地，隨著羅馬共和國末期以及羅馬帝國的初期之間的羅馬城市發展，在戰神廣場建造了越來越多的設施。主要的新建築包括奧古斯都陵墓（Mausoleum of Augustus）、羅馬劇場（Theatre of Marcellus）。這個廣場充滿著神殿和公共建築、競技場、劇場、門廊、澡堂、紀念碑、列柱以及方尖碑。
異族人入侵後引水渠道被毀，使得居民大幅減少，而居民也遺棄了附近的山丘，並且移至戰神廣場附近聚集，以Tiber河的水源維生，卻因後來的水災而受害，於1870年之後統一的義大利，隨著首都羅馬的擴建，戰神廣場便有一大部分被劃分於羅馬城市之內。
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