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完全平方 - Wikipedia

完全平方

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Image:03wiki-zn-frontpage-icon.gif完全平方正在翻译。欢迎您积极翻译与修订

数学当中的完全平方有两个含义:

  • 当一个正整数是另外整数的平方,这个正整数可以写成n2的形式。
    • 例如:1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, ... 参见平方数
  • 可以分解成其它表达式的算数表达式,例如:a2 ± 2ab + b2 = (a ± b)2。(参见Square (algebra))。

与魔幻平方是不同的。

[编辑] 用两个平方的差代表整数相乘

整数相乘可以完全的写成两个平方的差。

例如:

  • 10\times 10 = 10^2 - 0^2 = 100 - 0 = 100
  • 9\times 11 = 10^2 - 1^2 = 100 - 1 = 99
  • 8\times 12 = 10^2 - 2^2 = 100 - 4 = 96
  • 7\times 13 = 10^2 - 3^2 = 100 - 9 = 91

一般的,两个数的乘积等于这两个数和的平均值的平方减差的平均值的平方。

  • A\times B = [(A+B)/2]^2 - [(A-B)/2]^2

这种关系的几何构造证明如下图: Image:Rectangle to square difference2.gif

The starting rectangle is A by B. 大平方是长边(A+B)/2,小平方是阴影部分长为|A-B|/2。

运用这种关系式,你可以you can multiply relatively large nearly equal numbers more quickly if you memorize a relatively small list of squares.

If you're multiplying an even by an odd, you can avoid "halves" by adjust one number, by requiring one more addition at the end

  • A\times B = A\times (B-1) + A

Example:

  • 27\times 34 = [27\times  33] + 27 = [30^2 - 3^2] + 27 = 900 - 9 + 27 = 918

[编辑] 参见

1-10,000之间的完全平方数列表

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