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基本分析 - Wikipedia

基本分析

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基本分析是一種證券股票估價的方法,利用財務分析和經濟學上的研究來評估企業價值或預測證券(如股票或債券等)價值的走勢。這些被分析的基本資料可以包含一家公司的財務報表和非財務上的資訊,如商品需求成長性的預測、企業比較、新制度的影響分析或人口的改變。它通常和所謂的技術分析相對,技術分析在研究證券價值的趨勢時,並不使用到市場本身以外的因素來做預測。

投資者使用基本分析來檢驗一家公司的財務狀況、其內部運作和其產業市場,用以來了解這家公司的穩定性和成長潛力。被檢驗的項目可能包括有發放股息、公司管理資金方法、公司的負債值和公司支成長。一個利用基本分析的人會看基本分析的結果來決定要操作多頭空頭

目录

[编辑] 理論和其發展

支撐基本分析的理論為,以長期投資來賺錢,一個投資者必須專注於公司本身,而不只在其股價。當Benjamin Graham和David Dodd在其經典著作證券分析中說「在短期內,市場是個計數器,而非計重器。」的同時,有一個投資者使用基本分析來尋找可以持續下去的公司。沃倫·巴菲特-世上第二有錢的企業家-他相信他可以只使用基本分析來做為其投資判斷。

基本分析奠基於相信一家公司的真實價值終會因市場力量而反映在股票價格上。但事實上,不論這市場是多麼的有效,一些股票短期亦會有高估或低估其價格的現象。

為了評估真實價值和股票價格的關係,本益比便可以拿來當做公司現金流相對隱定且可預測的評估工具。這裡必須提出警告,本益比極非一客觀的評估工具,因為它必須經過解釋;高本益比或許表示一被高估的股票,又或許其反映了一家有高成長潛力的公司。


Help for this interpretation problem is available in the valuation equations of Aswath Damodaran or from many "market professionals," and websites of varying quality.

Investors should always be aware of the "garbage in, garbage out" problem. Just because there is a "formula" that claims to assign a dollar value to a firm does not mean that formula is reliable or correct. Ultimately, there is no substitute for understanding the underlying economics and accounting.

Other valuation techniques include discounted cash flow models, including the Gordon model, and dividend yield analysis. Accounting book value at first glance appears to be a valuation technique, but is not designed to assign a market value to the firm.....

[编辑] 三個步驟

在大型企業裡,基本分析通常以三個步驟來分析:

  • 總體經濟學的分析,通常包括國際和國內各經濟指標,如GDP成長率、通貨澎脹、利率匯率生產力和能源價格。
  • 產業分析,包括整體產業的銷售量、價格標準、產品效能、國外競爭和進入產業的公司數。
  • 個別公司的分析,包括其銷售量、價格、新產品、獲利等。


Often the procedure stresses the effects of the overall economic situation on industry and firm analysis and is known as top down analysis. If instead the procedure stresses firm analysis and uses it to build its industry analysis, which it uses to build its macroeconomic analysis, it is known as bottom up analysis.

[编辑] 批評

  • Some economists such as Burton Malkiel suggest that neither fundamental analysis nor technical analysis is useful in outperforming the markets[1] (see efficient market hypothesis and random walk hypothesis).

[编辑] 参考資料

  1. investopedia.com. Financial Concepts: Random Walk Theory

[编辑] 相關

  • 资产回报率
  • 市盈率
  • 短期债务清偿能力比率
  • 长期债务清偿能力比率
  • 利润留存率
  • 再投资率
  • 存货周转率
  • 应收帐款周转率
  • 固定资产周转率
  • 技術分析
  • 股票估價
  • 有效市場假設
  • 股本报酬率
  • 股东权益报酬率
  • 每股净资产额
  • Net present value
  • Discount rate
    • Capital Asset Pricing Model
    • Cost of capital
    • Weighted average cost of capital
  • CANSLIM
  • Trader (finance)
  • Bottom-up (finance)
  • Fed model Theory of Equity Valuation

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