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因式分解 - Wikipedia

因式分解

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因式分解,在數學中一般理解為把一個多項式分解為兩個或多個的因式的過程。在這個過後會得出一堆較原式簡單的多項式的積。例如多項式x2-4 可被因式分解為(x-2)(x+2)。

目录

[编辑] 分解方法

[编辑] 兩個平方之和或兩個平方之差

a^2 - b^2 = (a+b)(a-b) \,\!
a^2 + b^2 = (a+bi)(a-bi) \,\!

根據以上兩條恆等式,如原式符合以上條件,即可運用代用法直接分解。例如, 4x + 49\,\! 就可被分解為 (2\sqrt {x} + 7i)(2\sqrt {x} - 7i)\,\!

[编辑] 兩個n次方數之和與差

兩個立方數之和

a^3 + b^3\,\!可分解為(a +b)(a^2 - ab + b^2)\,\!

兩個立方數之差

a^3 - b^3\,\!可分解為(a - b)(a^2 + ab + b^2)\,\!

兩個n次方數之差

anbn = (ab)(an − 1 + an − 2b + ...... + bn − 1)

兩個奇數次方數之和

an + bn = (a + b)(an − 1an − 2b + ...... + ( − 1)n − 1bn − 1)

[编辑] 一次因式檢驗法

一個整係數的一元多項式anxn + an − 1xn − 1 + ......a1x + a0假如它有整係數因式px + q則以下兩條必成立:

  • p | an
  • q | a0

不過反過來說,即使當p | anq | a0都成立時,整係數多項式px + q也不一定是整係數多項式anxn + an − 1xn − 1 + ......a1x + a0的因式

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