Shuttle diplomacy

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In diplomacy and  international relations, shuttle diplomacy is  the use of a third party to serve as an  intermediary or  mediator between two parties who do not talk directly. The third party travels frequently back and  forth (that is, "shuttles") between the two primary parties. Shuttle diplomacy is  often used when the two primary parties do not formally recognize each other but still want to negotiate.

The term shuttle diplomacy became widespread following Henry Kissinger's term as United States Secretary of State. Kissinger participated in shuttle diplomacy in the Middle East and  in the People's Republic of China.

In a major ourbreak of Israel-Hezbollah fighting in 1996, U.S. Secretary of State Warren Christopher conducted shuttle diplomacy, traveling to, among other places, Syria. Having persuaded the Syrians to rein in Hezbollah, Christopher achieved a cease-fire.

In 2006, U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice also used shuttle diplomacy in the conflict between Israel and  Hezbollah.

Arguably, the United States's use of the Swiss Embassy in Teheran for its contact with Iran since the 1979 Iranian Revolution is  a form of shuttle diplomacy.

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