रिउम्याटोलोजी

From Wikipedia

Rheumatology, a subspecialty of internal medicine, is devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of rheumatic diseases. The term originates from the Greek rheuma, meaning "that which flows as a river or stream" and the suffix -ology, meaning "the study of". Rheumatologists mainly deal with problems involving the joints and the allied conditions of connective tissue.

Contents 1 Diseases 2 Diagnosis 3 Treatment 4 Scientific research 5 External links

[परिवर्तन्] Diseases

Diseases diagnosed or managed by the rheumatologist include:

• rheumatoid arthritis
• lupus erythematosus
• Sjögren's syndrome
• scleroderma (systemic sclerosis)
• dermatomyositis
• polychondritis
• polymyositis
• polymyalgia rheumatica
• osteoarthritis
• septic arthritis
• gout, pseudogout
• spondyloarthropathies
  • ankylosing spondylitis
  • reactive arthritis (Reiter's syndrome)
  • psoriatic arthropathy
  • enteropathic spondylitis
  • reactive arthropathy
• vasculitis
  • polyarteritis nodosa
  • Henoch-Schönlein purpura
  • serum sickness
  • Wegener's granulomatosis
  • giant cell arteritis
  • temporal arteritis
  • Takayasu's arteritis
  • Behçet's syndrome
  • Kawasaki's disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome)
  • Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)

[परिवर्तन्] Diagnosis

Apart from an extensive medical history and physical examination, a rheumatologist may apply the following diagnostic methods:

• Laboratory tests (e.g. erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rheumatoid factor)
• X-rays of affected joints and other imaging methods
• Cytology and chemical pathology of fluid aspirated from affected joints (e.g. to differentiate between septic arthritis and gout)

[परिवर्तन्] Treatment

Most rheumatic diseases are treated with analgesics, NSAIDs (anti-inflammatory drugs), steroids (in serious cases), DMARDs ("steroid-sparing" agents), monoclonal antibodies, such as infliximab and adalimumab, and the soluble TNF receptor etanercept.

Physiotherapy is vital in the treatment of many rheumatological disorders. Occupational therapy can help patients finding alternative ways for common movements which would otherwise be restricted by their disease.

[परिवर्तन्] Scientific research

A large body of recent scientific research treats the background of autoimmune disease, the cause of many rheumatic disorders. Epidemiological studies and medication trials are also conducted.

[परिवर्तन्] External links

• JCR: Journal of Clinical Rheumatology.
• IFR: Institut Ferran de Reumatologia.

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