Microevolution

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Microevolution is  the occurrence of small-scale changes in allele frequencies in a population, over a few generations, also known as change at or  below the species level.

These changes may be due to several processes: mutation, natural selection, gene flow, and  genetic drift.

Population genetics is  the branch of biology that provides the mathematical structure for the study of the process of microevolution. Ecological genetics concerns itself with observing microevolution in the wild. Typically, observable instances of evolution are  examples of microevolution; for example, bacterial strains that have  antibiotic resistance.

Microevolution can be contrasted with macroevolution; which is  the occurrence of large-scale changes in gene frequencies, in a population, over a geological time period (i.e. consisting of lots of microevolution). The difference is  largely one of approach. Microevolution is  reductionist, but macroevolution is  holistic. Each approach offers different insights into evolution.

Basic topics in evolutionary biology
v • d • e
Evidence of evolution
Processes of evolution: adaptation - macroevolution - microevolution - speciation
Population genetic mechanisms: selection - genetic drift - gene flow - mutation
Evo-devo concepts: phenotypic plasticity - canalisation - modularity
Modes of evolution: anagenesis - catagenesis - cladogenesis
History: History of evolutionary thought - Charles Darwin - The Origin of Species - modern evolutionary synthesis
Other subfields: ecological genetics - human evolution - molecular evolution - phylogenetics - systematics
List of evolutionary biology topics | Timeline of evolution


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