Yugoslav dinar
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The dinar was the official currency of the three Yugoslav states: the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (formerly the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes), the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. A dinar was equal to 100 para.
Contents |
[edit] History
The Yugoslav dinar replaced the provisional currency Yugoslav krone at the rate of 1 dinar = 4 kronen. The Yugoslav krone was equal to the Austro-Hungarian krone.
In 1941, Yugoslavia was split up, with the dinar remaining currency in Serbia. In 1944, as Yugoslavia began to be reconstituted, the Yugoslav dinar replaced the Serbian dinar and Croatian kuna at the rates of one Yugoslav dinar for 20 dinara or 40 kuna, and other occupation currencies as well.
The Yugoslav dinar was revalued five times after this. The revaluations were as follows:
| Date | Conversion Rate | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 1965 | 100 | |
| 1990 | 10,000 | |
| 1992 | 10 | |
| 1993 | 1,000,000 | |
| January 1, 1994 | 1,000,000,000 | |
| January 24, 1994 | 10~13 million | 1 new dinar = 1 German mark |
In its final years, the dinar went through one of the most extreme episodes of hyperinflation in modern history, with the rate of inflation often approaching a hundred percent daily. However, by the 24th of January, the dinar had suffered such that it had to be replaced once more. The novi dinar was introduced, not at a value relative to the previous dinar but at a par with the German mark. Although the peg was not maintained, Yugoslavia came out of hyperinflation and the novi dinar survived the final years of Yugoslavia without further revaluation. The overall impact of hyperinflation: 1 novi dinar = 1×1027 ~ 1.3×1027 pre 1990 dinars. The 'novi' portion of the name was abandoned in 2000.
On November 6, 1999, Montenegro decided that, besides Yugoslavian dinar, the German mark was also an official currency. On November 13, 2000, the dinar was dropped and the mark became the only currency.
As Yugoslavia split up, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Macedonia all adopted their own currencies. They were:
| Country | Currency | Date Adopted | 1 new unit = ? Yugoslav 1990 dinars |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Dinar | July, 1992 | 10 |
| Croatia | Dinar | December 23, 1991 | 1 |
| Macedonia | Denar | April 26, 1992 | 1 |
| Slovenia | Tolar | October 8, 1991 | 1 |
Serbian enclaves in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina also issued currencies in dinar, equivalent to and revalued together with the Yugoslav dinar. These were the Krajina dinar and the Republika Srpska dinar.
[edit] Coins
[edit] 1965 dinar
Denominations varied for the different dinars. From 1965 to 1989, the smallest denomination issued was 5 para, the largest 100 dinars.
[edit] Banknotes
[edit] 1965 dinar
Dinar banknotes issued by the National Bank of Yugoslavia issued since the late 1960s until the early 1980s
| 1968 Series | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Image | Value | Dimensions | Colour | Obverse | Reverse | First printed date | |
 |
 |
5 dinar | 123 x 59 mm | Green | Woman with sickle | Indication of value | 1968 |
 |
 |
10 dinar | 131 x 62 mm | Brown | Steelworker | 1968 | |
 |
 |
20 dinar | 139 x 65 mm | Violet | Ship dockside | 1974 | |
 |
 |
50 dinar | 140 x 66 mm | Blue | Relief by Ivan Meštrović at the Parliament building in Belgrade | 1968 | |
 |
 |
100 dinar | 148 x 70 mm | Red | The Monument of Peace by Antun Augustinčić (1900 – 1979) in New York in front of the main UN building. | 1965 | |
 |
 |
500 dinar | 156 x 74 mm | Dark green | Statue of Nikola Tesla (in the Niagara Falls State Park) by Frano Kršinić; background: the spiral coil of his high-frequency transformer at East Houston Street, New York | 1970 | |
 |
 |
1000 dinar | 164 x 78 mm | Dark blue | Woman with fruits | 1974 | |
| These images are to scale at 0.7 pixels per millimeter, a standard for world banknotes. | |||||||
[edit] See also
- Serbian dinar
- Hyperinflation
- Economy of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
- Kingdom of Yugoslavia
- Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
- Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
[edit] References
- Global Financial Data currency histories table
- Albert Pick (1996). Neil Shafer, George S. Cuhaj, Colin R. Bruce II (editors): Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: General Issues to 1960, 8th ed., Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-469-1.
[edit] External links
- The National Bank of Serbia
- http://www.svastara.com/razno/novcanice/
- Images of dinar banknotes
- BBC News: Montenegro drops Yugoslav dinar
- http://www.answers.com/topic/yugoslavia
- http://www.rogershermansociety.com/yugoslavia.htm
| Preceded by: Yugoslav krone Reason: creation of truly independent currency Ratio: 1 dinar = 4 kronen |
Currency of Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes 1920 – 1929 |
Currency of Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1929 – 1941 |
Succeeded by: Serbian dinar Location: Serbia without its southern and northern portions Reason: establishment of a pro-Germany puppet state Ratio: at par |
| Succeeded by: Croatian kuna Location: Independent State of Croatia Reason: establishment of a pro-Germany puppet state |
|||
| Succeeded by: Italian lira Location: Montenegro, Italy occupied portion of Slovenia Reason: Italian occupation |
|||
| Succeeded by: German Reichsmark Location: Germany occupied portion of Slovenia Reason: German occupation |
|||
| Succeeded by: Hungarian pengő Location: Bačka, Međimurje Reason: Hungarian occupation |
|||
| Succeeded by: Bulgarian lev Location: Macedonia Reason: Bulgarian occupation |
|||
| Succeeded by: Albanian lek Location: Kosovo Reason: Albanian occupation Note: Albania itself was occupied by Italy and then Germany |
| Preceded by: Serbian dinar Location: Serbia without its southern and northern portions Reason: reunification as a result of World War II Ratio: 1 Yugoslav dinar = 20 Serbian dinara |
Currency of Democratic Federal Yugoslavia 1945 – 1946 |
Currency of Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia 1946 – 1963 |
Currency of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1963 – 1965 |
Succeeded by: 1965 dinar Ratio: 1 1965 dinar = 100 1945 dinars |
| Preceded by: Croatian kuna Location: Independent State of Croatia Reason: reunification as a result of World War II Ratio: 1 dinar = 40 kuna |
||||
| Preceded by: Italian lira Location: Montenegro, Italy occupied portion of Slovenia Reason: reunification as a result of World War II and end of Italian occupation |
||||
| Preceded by: German Reichsmark Location: Germany occupied portion of Slovenia Reason: reunification as a result of World War II and end of German occupation |
||||
| Preceded by: Hungarian pengő Location: Bačka, Međimurje Reason: reunification as a result of World War II and end of Hungarian occupation |
||||
| Preceded by: Bulgarian lev Location: Macedonia Reason: reunification as a result of World War II and end of Bulgarian occupation |
||||
| Preceded by: Albanian lek Location: Kosovo Reason: reunification as a result of World War II and end of Albanian occupation |
| Preceded by: 1945 dinar Ratio: 1 1965 dinar = 100 1945 dinars |
Currency of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1965 – 1990 |
Succeeded by: 1990 dinar Ratio: 1 1990 dinar = 10,000 1965 dinars, 7 1990 dinars = 1 German mark |
| Preceded by: 1965 dinar Ratio: 1 1990 dinar = 10,000 1965 dinars 7 1990 dinars = 1 German mark |
Currency of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1990 – 1991 and 1992 Note: various dates of independence and introduction of independent currencies |
Succeeded by: Yugoslav 1992 dinar Location: Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) Ratio: 1 1992 dinar = 10 1990 dinars Note: July, 1992 |
| Succeeded by: Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar Location: Bosnia and Herzegovina except for Republika Srpska Reason: independence Ratio: 1 B&H dinar = 10 1990 dinars Note: independence in March, 1992 new currency in July, 1992 |
||
| Succeeded by: Republika Srpska dinar Location: Republika Srpska (part of Bosnia) Ratio: 1 Republika Srpska dinar = 10 1990 dinars Note: independence in November, 1991 new currency on July, 1992, and remained at par with Yugoslav dinar |
||
| Succeeded by: Croatian dinar Location: Croatia except for Republic of Serbian Krajina Ratio: at par Note: independence on June 25, 1991 new currency on December 23, 1991 |
||
| Succeeded by: Krajina dinar Location: Republic of Serbian Krajina (part of Croatia) Ratio: 1 Krajina dinar = 10 1990 dinars Note: independence on December 19, 1991 new currency on July, 1992, and remained at par with Yugoslav dinar |
||
| Succeeded by: Macedonian denar Location: Macedonia Ratio: at par Note: independence on September 8, 1991 new currency on April 26, 1992 |
||
| Succeeded by: Slovenian tolar Location: Slovenia Ratio: at par Note: independence on June 25, 1991 new currency on October 8, 1991 |
| Preceded by: 1990 dinar Ratio: 1 1992 dinar = 10 1990 dinars |
Currency of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia July 1992 – September 30, 1993 |
Succeeded by: 1993 dinar Ratio: 1 1993 dinar = 1,000,000 1992 dinara |
| Preceded by: 1992 dinar Ratio: 1 1993 dinar = 1,000,000 1992 dinara |
Currency of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia October 1, 1993 – December 31, 1993 |
Succeeded by: 1994 dinar Ratio: 1 1994 dinar = 1,000,000,000 1993 dinara |
| Preceded by: 1993 dinar Ratio: 1 1994 dinar = 1,000,000,000 1993 dinara |
Currency of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia January 1, 1994 – January 23, 1994 |
Succeeded by: New dinar Ratio: 1 new dinar = 1 German mark = about 10~13 million 1994 dinara |
| Preceded by: 1994 dinar Ratio: 1 new dinar = 1 German mark = about 10~13 million 1994 dinara |
Currency of Serbia except Kosovo (as part of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) January 24, 1994 – July 2, 2003 |
Succeeded by: Serbian dinar Reason: name changed to Serbia and Montenegro (on February 4, 2003) Ratio: at par |
| Currency of Montenegro (as part of Yugoslavia), Kosovo (as part of Serbia) January 24, 1994 – 1999 |
Succeeded by: German mark Reason: political and economic reasons |
| Dinars | |
|---|---|
| Current | Algerian dinar | Bahraini dinar | Islamic gold dinar | Iraqi dinar | Jordanian dinar | Kuwaiti dinar | Libyan dinar | Macedonian denar | Tunisian dinar | Serbian dinar | Sudanese dinar |
| Defunct | Abu Dhabi dinar | Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar | Croatian dinar | Krajina dinar | Republika Srpska dinar | South Arabian dinar | South Yemeni dinar | Yugoslav dinar |
| As subunit | Iranian rial |
| See also | E-dinar |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: |
