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World records in athletics (track and field) are ratified by the International Association of Athletics Federations. The criteria which must be satisfied for ratification also apply to national or other restricted records and also to performances submitted as qualifying marks for eligibility to compete in major events such as the Olympic Games.
The criteria include:
- The dimensions of the track and equipment used must conform to standards.
- Performance must be set in a single-sex race. This is especially noteworthy in marathon races.
- All team members in a relay race must be of the same nationality.
- Pacemakers are allowed, provided they have not been lapped; lapped athletes must give way.
- Drug testing immediately after the performance is now required for ratification of a record. Existing records which predate this requirement are still extant. Athletes who pass the immediate test but are later found to have been on drugs have their performances invalidated.
- In sprint events up to 200m and in jump events, wind assistance is permitted only up to 2.0 m/s. In decathlon or heptathlon, average wind assistance of less than 2.0 m/s is required across all applicable disciplines; and maximum of 4.0 m/s in any one event.
- In sprint events up to 400m, photo finish electronic timing is required.
- There is no restriction on altitude; since the thinner atmosphere of higher altitude provides less air resistance, locations such as Mexico City and Sestriere are popular in the sprint and jump events.
- In road events (e.g. walks and marathon) the course is not required to be a circuit, but must not have too great a downhill gradient.
[edit] Bonus payments
Witnessing a world record being a great pleasure for athletics fans, athletes' personal sponsors and the promoters of major meetings such as the IAAF Golden League have offered bonuses to athletes breaking a record.
Some middle-distance runners have specialized in acting as pacemakers in longer races, receiving a fee without even finishing the race, and possibly a bonus if a record results. This is a useful occupation for athletes who are capable of running accurately to a specified pace, but not capable of the very fastest times to become champions in their own right.
In the pole vault (and potentially the high jump) record bonuses create an incentive for an athlete capable of smashing a record to instead break it by the minimum amount (one centimetre), multiple times, at multiple meetings, in order to accumulate multiple bonuses. This has been done by Sergei Bubka in the men's pole vault, and Yelena Isinbayeva in the women's pole vault. Some commentators have complained that neither athlete ever posted as high a mark as they were capable of. In other disciplines this perverse incentive does not arise, since it is practically impossible to deliberately break a record by a small margin.
[edit] Outdoor world records
| Event |
Record |
Athlete |
Date |
Place |
| 100 m |
9.77 s |
Asafa Powell (Jamaica) |
June 14, 2005 |
Athens, Greece |
| June 11, 2006 |
Gateshead, United Kingdom |
| August 18, 2006 |
Zurich, Switzerland |
| 200 m |
19.32 s |
Michael Johnson (USA) |
August 1, 1996 |
Atlanta, GA, USA |
| 400 m |
43.18 s |
Michael Johnson (USA) |
August 26, 1999 |
Seville, Spain |
| 800 m |
1:41.11 |
Wilson Kipketer (Denmark) |
August 24, 1997 |
Cologne, Germany |
| 1000 m |
2:11.96 |
Noah Ngeny (Kenya) |
September 5, 1999 |
Rieti, Italy |
| 1500 m |
3:26.00 |
Hicham El Guerrouj (Morocco) |
July 14, 1998 |
Rome, Italy |
| Mile |
3:43.13 |
Hicham El Guerrouj (Morocco) |
July 7, 1999 |
Rome, Italy |
| 2000 m |
4:44.79 |
Hicham El Guerrouj (Morocco) |
September 7, 1999 |
Berlin, Germany |
| 3000 m |
7:20.67 |
Daniel Komen (Kenya) |
September 1, 1996 |
Rieti, Italy |
| Two miles |
7:58.61 |
Daniel Komen (Kenya) |
July 19, 1997 |
Hechtel, Belgium |
| 5000 m |
12:37.35 |
Kenenisa Bekele (Ethiopia) |
May 31, 2004 |
Hengelo, Netherlands |
| 10,000 m |
26:17.53 |
Kenenisa Bekele (Ethiopia) |
August 26, 2005 |
Brussels, Belgium |
| 20,000 m |
56:55.6 |
Arturo Barrios (Mexico) |
March 30, 1991 |
La Flèche, France |
| Half marathon |
58:55 |
Haile Gebrselassie (Ethiopia) |
January 15, 2006 |
Phoenix, Arizona, USA |
| One hour |
21.101 km |
Arturo Barrios (Mexico) |
March 30, 1991 |
La Flèche, France |
| 25,000 m |
1:11:37 |
Haile Gebrselassie (Ethiopia) |
March 12, 2006 |
Alphen aan den Rijn, Netherlands |
| 30,000 m |
1:29:18.8 |
Toshihiko Seko (Japan) |
March 22, 1981 |
Christchurch, NZ |
| Marathon |
2:04:55 |
Paul Tergat (Kenya) |
September 28, 2003 |
Berlin, Germany |
3000 m
steeplechase |
7:53.63 |
Saif Saaeed Shaheen (Qatar)
(born Stephen Cherono, Kenya) |
September 3, 2004 |
Brussels, Belgium |
| 110 m hurdles |
12.88 s |
Liu Xiang (China) |
July 11, 2006 |
Lausanne, Switzerland |
| 400 m hurdles |
46.78 s |
Kevin Young (USA) |
August 6, 1992 |
Barcelona, Spain |
| High jump |
2.45 m |
Javier Sotomayor (Cuba) |
July 27, 1993 |
Salamanca, Spain |
| Pole vault |
6.14 m |
Sergei Bubka (Ukraine) |
July 31, 1994 |
Sestriere, Italy |
| Long jump |
8.95 m |
Mike Powell (USA) |
August 30, 1991 |
Tokyo, Japan |
| Triple jump |
18.29 m |
Jonathan Edwards (UK) |
August 7, 1995 |
Göteborg, Sweden |
| Shot put |
23.12 m |
Randy Barnes (USA) |
May 20, 1990 |
Westwood, CA, USA |
| Discus |
74.08 m |
Jürgen Schult (E. Germany) |
June 6, 1986 |
Neubrandenburg, E. Germany |
| Hammer |
86.74 m |
Yuriy Sedykh (USSR) |
August 30, 1986 |
Stuttgart, W. Germany |
| Javelin |
98.48 m
(Current design) |
Jan Železný (Czech Rep.) |
May 25, 1996 |
Jena, Germany |
104.80 m
(old design) |
Uwe Hohn (GDR) |
20 July 1984 |
Berlin, Germany |
| Decathlon |
9026 pts |
Roman Šebrle (Czech Rep.) |
May 27, 2001 |
Götzis, Austria |
| 10.64 s (100 m), 8.11 m (long jump), 15.33 m (shot put), 2.12 m (high jump), 47.79 s (400 m), 13.92 s (110 m hurdles), 47.92 m (discus), 4.80 m (pole vault), 70.16 m (javelin), 4:21.98 min (1500 m) |
| 20 km walk (road) |
1:17:21 |
Jefferson Pérez (Ecuador) |
August 23, 2003 |
Paris, France |
| 30000 m walk (track) |
2:01:44.1 |
Maurizio Damilano (Italy) |
October 3, 1992 |
Cuneo, Italy |
| 50000 m walk (track) |
3:40:57.9 |
Thierry Toutain (France) |
September 29, 1996 |
Héricourt, France |
| 50 km walk (road) |
3:36:03 |
Robert Korzeniowski (Poland) |
August 27, 2003 |
Paris, France |
4x100 m
relay |
37.40 s |
Mike Marsh, Leroy Burrell, Dennis Mitchell, Carl Lewis (USA)
Jon Drummond, Andre Cason, Dennis Mitchell, Leroy Burrell (USA)
|
August 8, 1992
August 21, 1993 |
Barcelona, Spain
Stuttgart, Germany |
4x200 m
relay |
1:18.68 |
Mike Marsh, Leroy Burrell, Floyd Heard, Carl Lewis (USA) |
April 17, 1994 |
Walnut, CA, USA |
4x400 m
relay |
2:54.20 |
Jerome Young, Antonio Pettigrew, Tyree Washington, Michael Johnson (USA) |
July 22, 1998 |
New York City |
4x800 m
relay |
7:02.43 |
Joseph Mutua, William Yiampoy, Ismael Kombich, Wilfred Bungei (Kenya) |
August 25, 2006 |
Brussels, Belgium |
4x1500 m
relay |
14:38.8 |
Thomas Wessinghage, Harald Hudak, Michael Lederer, Karl Fleschen (W. Germany) |
August 17, 1977 |
Cologne,
W. Germany |
| Event |
Record |
Athlete |
Date |
Place |
| 100 m |
10.49 s |
Florence Griffith Joyner (USA) |
July 16, 1988 |
Indianapolis, IN, USA |
| 200 m |
21.34s |
Florence Griffith Joyner (USA) |
September 29, 1988 |
Seoul, S. Korea |
| 400 m |
47.60 |
Marita Koch (E. Germany) |
October 6, 1985 |
Canberra, Australia |
| 800 m |
1:53.28 |
Jarmila Kratochvílová (Czechoslovakia) |
July 26, 1983 |
Munich, W. Germany |
| 1000 m |
2:28.98 |
Svetlana Masterkova (Russia) |
August 23, 1996 |
Brussels, Belgium |
| 1500 m |
3:50.46 |
Qu Yunxia (China) |
September 11, 1993 |
Beijing, China |
| Mile |
4:12.56 |
Svetlana Masterkova (Russia) |
August 14, 1996 |
Zürich, Switzerland |
| 2000 m |
5:25.36 |
Sonia O'Sullivan (Rep. Ireland) |
July 8, 1994 |
Edinburgh, Scotland |
| 3000 m |
8:06.11 |
Wang Junxia (China) |
September 13, 1993 |
Beijing, China |
| 5000 m |
14:24.53 |
Meseret Defar (Ethiopia) |
3 June 2006 |
New York City, NY, USA |
| 10,000 m |
29:31.78 |
Wang Junxia (China) |
September 8, 1993 |
Beijing, China |
| One hour |
18.340 km |
Tegla Loroupe (Kenya) |
August 7, 1998 |
Borgholzhausen, Germany |
| 20,000 m |
1:05:26.6 |
Tegla Loroupe (Kenya) |
September 3, 2000 |
Borgholzhausen, Germany |
| Half Marathon |
1:06:44 |
Elana Meyer (RSA) |
January 15, 1999 |
Tokyo, Japan |
| 25,000 m |
1:27:05.8 |
Tegla Loroupe (Kenya) |
September 21, 2002 |
Mengerskirchen, Germany |
| 30,000 m |
1:45:50.0 |
Tegla Loroupe (Kenya) |
June 7, 2003 |
Warstein, Germany |
| Marathon |
2:15:25 |
Paula Radcliffe (UK) |
April 13, 2003 |
London, England, UK |
3000 m
steeplechase |
9:01.59 |
Gulnara Samitova, (Russia) |
July 4, 2004 |
Heraklion, Greece |
| 100 m hurdles |
12.21 s |
Yordanka Donkova (Bulgaria) |
August 20, 1988 |
Stara Zagora, Bulgaria |
| 400 m hurdles |
52.34s |
Yuliya Pechonkina (Russia) |
August 8, 2003 |
Tula, Russia |
| High jump |
2.09 m |
Stefka Kostadinova (Bulgaria) |
August 30, 1987 |
Rome, Italy |
| Pole vault |
5.01 m |
Yelena Isinbayeva (Russia) |
August 12, 2005 |
Helsinki, Finland |
| Long jump |
7.52 m |
Galina Chistyakova (USSR) |
June 11, 1988 |
Leningrad, USSR |
| Triple jump |
15.50 |
Inessa Kravets (Ukraine) |
August 10, 1995 |
Göteborg, Sweden |
| Shot put |
22.63 |
Natalya Lisovskaya (USSR) |
June 7, 1987 |
Moscow, USSR |
| Discus |
76.80 |
Gabriele Reinsch (E. Germany) |
July 9, 1988 |
Neubrandenburg, E. Germany |
| Hammer throw |
77.80 m |
Tatyana Lysenko (Russia) |
August 15, 2006 |
Tallinn, Estonia |
| Javelin[1] |
71.70 m
(Current design) |
Osleidys Menéndez (Cuba) |
August 14, 2005 |
Helsinki, Finland |
80.00 m
(old design) |
Petra Felke (GDR) |
September 9, 1988 |
Potsdam, East Germany |
| Heptathlon |
7291 pts |
Jackie Joyner-Kersee (USA) |
September 24, 1988 |
Seoul, S. Korea |
| 12.69s (100 m hurdles), 1.86 m (high jump), 15.80 m (shot put), 22.56s (200 m), 7.27 m (long jump), 45.66 m (javelin), 2:08.51 (800 m) |
| Decathlon |
8358 pts |
Austra Skujytė (Lithuania) |
14 April 2005 –
15 April 2005 |
Columbia, MO, USA |
| 12.49 s (100 m), 46.19 m (discus), 3.10 m (pole vault), 48.78 m (javelin), 57.19 s (400 m), 14.22 s (100 m hurdles), 6.12 m (long jump), 16.42 m (shot put), 1.78 m (high jump), 5:15.86 (1500 m) |
| 5000 m walk (track) |
20:02.60 |
Gillian O'Sullivan (Rep. of Ireland) |
July 13, 2002 |
Dublin, Ireland |
| 10000 m walk (track) |
41:56.23 |
Nadezhda Ryashkina (USSR) |
July 24, 1990 |
Seattle, WA, USA |
| 20000 m walk (track) |
1:26:52.3 |
Olimpiada Ivanova (Russia) |
September 6, 2001 |
Brisbane, Australia |
| 20 km walk (road) |
1:25:41 |
Olimpiada Ivanova (Russia) |
August 7, 2005 |
Helsinki, Finland |
| 4x100 m relay |
41.37 |
Silke Gladisch, Sabine Rieger, Ingrid Auerswald, Marlies Göhr (E. Germany) |
October 6, 1985 |
Canberra, Australia |
| 4x200 m relay |
1:27.46 |
LaTasha Jenkins, LaTasha Colander-Richardson,
Nanceen Perry, Marion Jones (USA) |
April 29, 2000 |
Philadelphia, PA, USA |
| 4x400 m relay |
3:15.17 |
Tatyana Ledovskaya, Olga Nazarova, Mariya Pinigina, Olga Bryzgina (USSR) |
October 1, 1988 |
Seoul, S. Korea |
| 4x800 m relay |
7:50.17 |
Nadezhda Olizarenko, Lyubov Gurina, Lyudmila Borisova, Irina Podyalovskaya (USSR) |
August 5, 1984 |
Moscow, USSR |
[edit] Indoor world records
| Event |
Record |
Athlete |
Date |
Place |
| 50 m |
5.56 s |
Donovan Bailey (Canada) |
February 9, 1996 |
Reno, NV, USA |
| 60 m |
6.39 s |
Maurice Greene (USA) |
February 3, 1998
March 3, 2001 |
Madrid, Spain
Atlanta, GA, USA |
| 200 m |
19.92 s |
Frankie Fredericks (Namibia) |
18 February 1996 |
Liévin, France |
| 400 m |
44.57 s |
Kerron Clement (USA) |
12 March 2005 |
Fayetteville, AR, USA |
| 800 m |
1:42.67 |
Wilson Kipketer (Denmark) |
9 March 1997 |
Paris-Bercy, France |
| 1000 m |
2:14.96 |
Wilson Kipketer (Denmark) |
20 February 2000 |
Birmingham, England |
| 1500 m |
3:31.18 |
Hicham El Guerrouj (Morocco) |
2 February 1997 |
Stuttgart, Germany |
| One mile |
3:48.45 |
Hicham El Guerrouj (Morocco) |
12 February 1997 |
Gent, Belgium |
| 3000 m |
7:26.14 |
Daniel Komen (Kenya) |
6 February 1998 |
Budapest, Hungary |
| 5000 m |
12:49.60 |
Kenenisa Bekele (Ethiopia) |
20 February 2004 |
Birmingham, England |
| 50 m hurdles |
6.25 s |
Mark McKoy (Canada) |
5 March 1986 |
Kobe, Japan |
| 60 m hurdles |
7.30 s |
Colin Jackson (UK) |
6 March 1994 |
Sindelfingen, Germany |
| High jump |
2.43 m |
Javier Sotomayor (Cuba) |
4 March 1989 |
Budapest, Hungary |
| Pole vault |
6.15 m |
Sergei Bubka (Ukraine) |
21 February 1993 |
Donetsk, Ukraine |
| Long jump |
8.79 m |
Carl Lewis (USA) |
27 January 1984 |
New York City, NY, USA |
| Triple jump |
17.83 m |
Aliecer Urrutia (Cuba)
Christian Olsson (Sweden) |
1 March 1997
7 March 2004 |
Sindelfingen, Germany
Budapest, Hungary |
| Shot put |
22.66 m |
Randy Barnes (USA) |
20 January 1989 |
Los Angeles, CA, USA |
| Heptathlon |
6476 pts |
Dan O'Brien (USA) |
13 March 1993 |
Toronto, Canada |
| 6.67 s (60 m), 7.84 m (long jump), 16.02 m (shot put), 2.13 m (high jump), 5.20 m (pole vault), 2:57.96 min (1000 m) |
| 5000 m walk (track) |
18:07.08 |
Mikhail Shchennikov (Russia) |
14 February 1995 |
Moscow, Russia |
4x200 m
relay |
1:22.11 |
Linford Christie, Darren Braithwaite, Ade Mafe, John Regis (UK) |
3 March 1991 |
Glasgow, Scotland |
4x400 m
relay |
3:02.83 |
Andre Morris, Dameon Johnson, Deon Minor, Milton Campbell (USA) |
7 March 1999 |
Maebashi, Japan |
4x800 m
relay |
7:13.94 |
Joey Woody, Karl Paranya, Rich Kenah, David Krummenacker (Global Athletics & Marketing) |
6 February 2000 |
Boston, MA, USA |
| Event |
Record |
Athlete |
Date |
Place |
| 50 m |
5.96 s |
Irina Privalova (Russia) |
February 9, 1995 |
Madrid, Spain |
| 60 m |
6.92 s |
Irina Privalova (Russia) |
February 11, 1993
February 9, 1995 |
Madrid, Spain
Madrid, Spain |
| 200 m |
21.87 s |
Merlene Ottey (Jamaica) |
13 February 1993 |
Liévin, France |
| 400 m |
49.59 s |
Jarmila Kratochvílová (Czechoslovakia) |
7 March 1982 |
Milan, Italy |
| 800 m |
1:55.82 |
Jolanda Čeplak (Slovenia) |
3 March 2002 |
Vienna, Austria |
| 1000 m |
2:30.94 |
Maria Mutola (Mozambique) |
25 February 1999 |
Stockholm, Sweden |
| 1500 m |
3:58.28 |
Yelena Soboleva (Russia) |
18 February 2006 |
Moscow, Russia |
| One mile |
4:17.14 |
Doina Melinte (Romania) |
9 February 1990 |
East Rutherford, NJ, USA |
| 3000 m |
8:27.86 |
Liliya Shobukhova (Russia) |
17 February 2006 |
Moscow, Russia |
| 5000 m |
14:32.93 |
Tirunesh Dibaba (Ethiopia) |
29 January 2005 |
Boston, MA, USA |
| 50 m hurdles |
6.58 s |
Cornelia Oschkenat (GDR) |
20 February 1988 |
Berlin, Germany |
| 60 m hurdles |
7.69 s |
Ludmila Narozhilenko (USSR) |
4 February 1990 |
Chelyabinsk, USSR |
| High jump |
2.08 m |
Kajsa Bergqvist (Sweden) |
4 February 2006 |
Arnstadt, Germany |
| Pole vault |
4.91 m |
Yelena Isinbayeva (Russia) |
12 February 2006 |
Donetsk, Ukraine |
| Long jump |
7.37 m |
Heike Drechsler (GDR) |
13 February 1988 |
Vienna, Austria |
| Triple jump |
15.36 m |
Tatyana Lebedeva (Russia) |
6 March 2004 |
Budapest, Hungary |
| Shot put |
22.50 m |
Helena Fibingerová (Czechoslovakia) |
19 February 1977 |
Jablonec, Czechoslovakia |
| Pentathlon |
4991 pts |
Irina Belova (EUN) |
15 February 1992 |
Berlin, Germany |
| 8.22 s (60 m hurdles), 1.93 m (high jump), 13.25 m (shot put), 6.67 m (long jump), 2:10.26 min (800 m) |
| 3000 m walk (track) |
11:40.33 |
Claudia Stef (Romania) |
30 January 1999 |
Bucharest, Romania |
4x200 m
relay |
1:32.41 |
Yekaterina Kondratyeva, Irina Khabarova, Yuliya Pechonkina, Yuliya Gushchina (Russia) |
29 January 2005 |
Glasgow, Scotland |
4x400 m
relay |
3:23.37 |
Yuliya Gushchina, Olga Kotlyarova, Olga Zaytseva, Olesya Krasnomovets (Russia) |
28 January 2006 |
Glasgow, Scotland |
4x800 m
relay |
8:18.71 |
Irina Zaitseva, Olga Kuznetsova, Yelena Afanasyeva, Yekaterina Podkopayeva (Russia) |
4 February 1994 |
Moscow, Russia |
- ^ As with the men's event, the specification of the women's javelin has been changed. On April 1, 1999 the IAAF moved the centre of gravity forward by 3 cm in order to ensure a greater number of legal throws and to allow for more accurate distance measurement.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
[edit] Statistics
[edit] Criticism
