Witch doctor
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- For the song, see Witch Doctor.
- For the hip-hop artist, see Witchdoctor.
A witch doctor (in southern Africa known as a Sangoma) often refers to exotic healers that believe that maladies are caused by magic and are therefore best cured by it, as opposed to science or developed medicine.
The term witch doctor is generally used with negative connotations, as implying that the people whom the witch doctor serves are primitive and credulous.
The term does not, as is popularly believed, mean 'a doctor who uses witchcraft to cure'. It means a person who treats maladies caused by witchcraft. The term was originally used to signify the cunning folk, practitioners of folk magic who sold their services to ward off witchcraft or turn it back upon the supposed sender.
In the north of England, the superstition lingers to an almost inconceivable extent. Lancashire abounds with witch-doctors, a set of quacks, who pretend to cure diseases inflicted by the devil. The practices of these worthies may be judged of by the following case, reported in the "Hertford Reformer," of the 23rd of June, 1838. The witch-doctor alluded to is better known by the name of the cunning man, and has a large practice in the counties of Lincoln and Nottingham. According to the writer in "The Reformer," the dupe, whose name is not mentioned, had been for about two years afflicted with a painful abscess, and had been prescribed for without relief by more than one medical gentleman. He was urged by some of his friends, not only in his own village, but in neighbouring ones, to consult the witch-doctor, as they were convinced he was under some evil influence. He agreed, and sent his wife to the cunning man, who lived in New Saint Swithin's, in Lincoln. She was informed by this ignorant impostor that her husband's disorder was an infliction of the devil, occasioned by his next-door neighbours, who had made use of certain charms for that purpose. From the description he gave of the process, it appears to be the same as that employed by Dr. Fian and Gellie Duncan, to work woe upon King James. He stated that the neighbours, instigated by a witch, whom he pointed out, took some wax, and moulded it before the fire into the form of her husband, as near as they could represent him; they then pierced the image with pins on all sides -- repeated the Lord's Prayer backwards, and offered prayers to the devil that he would fix his stings into the person whom that figure represented, in like manner as they pierced it with pins. To counteract the effects of this diabolical process, the witch-doctor prescribed a certain medicine, and a charm to be worn next the body, on that part where the disease principally lay. The patient was to repeat the 109th and 119th Psalms every day, or the cure would not be effectual. The fee which he claimed for this advice was a guinea.
- Charles Mackay, Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds
The title of the priest/shamans of many of the African Bantu societies in West and South-West Africa is Quimbanda. This directly ties in with the Brazilian Quimbanda Cult, a Shamanic Witchcraft Tradition practised in Brazil. Sometimes called Macumba or even mistakenly referred to as Satanism and Devil Worship, it incorporates elements of African and South-American aboriginal beliefs and religion as well as Medieval European Witchcraft.
The witch doctors in Africa, where they are given the politically correct title of "traditional healers", are sparking new controversies. Although in some cases they help the spread of HIV/AIDS by reinforcing or even starting myths about the disease, they are still respected and revered in their community. Many Africans, even educated and "westernized" Africans, believe that real witch doctors have the power to heal physical or psychological maladies, even the power to transform. Although there are charlatans, there is usually a witch doctor in every community that has earned the respect of the people, for better or for worse.
