Wacker Drive
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- “Wacker” redirects here. For the oxidation process, see Wacker process.
Wacker Drive is a major street in Chicago, Illinois, United States, running along the downtown side of the Chicago River. The vast majority of it is double-decked; the upper level is intended for local traffic, and the lower level for through traffic and trucks servicing buildings on the road (and originally a dock). It is sometimes cited as a precursor to the modern freeway, though when built the idea was that pleasure vehicles would use the upper level.
The upper level is normally known as Upper Wacker Drive and the lower level is Lower Wacker Drive. A short part has a third level, sometimes called Lower Lower Wacker Drive, Sub-Lower Wacker Drive, Wacker Drive, Service Level, Lowest Wackest or Bottom Wacker. Near the eastern end of the road, other two and three level streets connect to Wacker Drive.
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[edit] History
In 1909, architects Daniel Burnham and Edward Bennett drew up a plan to improve traffic flow in Chicago, and presented it to the Commercial Club of Chicago. The major part was a double-decked roadway along the river. Charles H. Wacker, chairman of the Chicago Plan Commission, pushed the idea.
The original double-decker road was completed in 1926 at a cost of $8 million, and named after Wacker. The 1926 section stretched from Lake Street to Michigan Avenue, the latter of which was also rebuilt into a two-level road.
An extension south to Congress Parkway and Harrison Street was built between 1948 and 1954 (after the Market Stub of the elevated Lake Street Line was removed[1]); extensions east were built in 1963 and 1975, with the latter taking it to Lake Shore Drive, and a new lower level starting at Stetson Avenue. At the time, Lake Shore Drive had an S-curve at the river, running where Wacker now does between Field Boulevard and current Lake Shore Drive. This S-curve was on a viaduct over the Illinois Central Railroad's rail yard, and was at the level of Upper Wacker; the middle and lower levels dead-ended at that point. The current alignment of Lake Shore Drive was finished in 1986, and in 1987 Middle Wacker was extended to meet the new alignment. The ramps to bring upper traffic down had already been built; upper has been dead-ended where it used to end at Lake Shore Drive.
[edit] Intersections
The following streets intersect Wacker Drive, from south to north and west to east. Most upper-level streets that end at Wacker Drive, with only right turns allowed, are not included.
- Harrison Street at Franklin Street (one-way northbound) - beginning of Wacker Drive, before it splits into two levels; traffic from Harrison Street to the upper level must use Franklin Street to Congress Parkway
- Congress Parkway - ramps connect to both levels and from the lower level; a one-way westbound ramp connects Franklin Street to Upper Wacker
- Van Buren Street (one-way westbound) - upper
- Jackson Boulevard (one-way eastbound) - upper
- Adams Street (one-way westbound) - upper
- Monroe Street (one-way eastbound) - upper
- Madison Street (one-way westbound) - upper
- Washington Street (one-way eastbound) - upper
- Randolph Street (one-way westbound) - upper
- Lake Street (one-way eastbound to east) - upper
- Franklin Street (one-way northbound) - upper
- Post Place (only goes south) - lower
- Wells Street (one-way southbound) - upper
- La Salle Street - upper
- Clark Street (one-way southbound) - upper
- Garvey Court (only goes south) - lower
- Dearborn Street (one-way northbound) - upper
- State Street - upper
- Wacker Place (one-way eastbound) - splits from eastbound lower and upper levels
- Wabash Avenue - upper
- Michigan Avenue - double-decker
- Beaubien Court - (only goes south) - lower
- Stetson Avenue (only goes south) - triple-decker (service level begins here)
- Columbus Drive - triple-decker to the south, lower to the north
- Field Boulevard (not built yet) - upper and service (which end here)
- Lake Shore Drive - lower
