United States Pacific Command
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The United States Pacific Command (USPACOM), led by the Commander, Pacific Command (CDRUSPACOM), is the supreme military authority for the various branches of the Armed Forces of the United States serving within its area of responsibility. Only the President of the United States, who is Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, and his council of joint chiefs has greater authority. It is the oldest and largest of the unified commands. Based in Honolulu, Hawai'i on the island of O'ahu, the United States Pacific Command's sphere of control extends from the west coast of the United States mainland to the east coast of Africa (excluding the waters north of 5° S and west of 68° E), encompassing Southeast Asia, Australia, East Africa and the Pacific Rim. It also has control over US military operations in the Pacific, including the state of Hawaii, Indian Oceans as well as over forces in Alaska.
The main combat power of USPACOM is formed by U.S. Army Pacific, Marine Forces Pacific, U.S. Pacific Fleet, and Pacific Air Forces.
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[edit] Area of responsibility
The United States Pacific Command's area of jurisdiction can be quantified as follows: over fifty percent of the world's surface area —approximately 105 million square miles (nearly 272 million square kilometers)—, nearly sixty percent of the world's population, forty-three countries and their twenty territories, and ten territories and possessions of the United States.
It is charged with preserving and protecting five out of seven mutual defense treaties signed by the United States with its allies:
- U.S./Republic of the Philippines (Mutual Defense Treaty, 1952)
- U.S./Australia (ANZUS - U.S., 1952)
- U.S./Republic of Korea (Mutual Defense Treaty, 1954)
- U.S./France/Australia/New Zealand/Thailand/Philippines (South East Asia Collective Defense Treaty, 1955)
- U.S./Japan (Mutual Defense Treaty, 1960)
Thirty-five percent of the total trade the United States globally falls within the watch of the United States Pacific Command, amounting to more than $548 billion in 1998. Five of the world's largest militaries are monitored by the United States Pacific Command: People's Republic of China, India, Russia, North Korea and South Korea.
[edit] Headquarters
Offices for the United States Pacific Command are based at the Nimitz-MacArthur Pacific Command Center at Camp H. M. Smith near suburban Salt Lake and Moanalua. The staff comprises over 530 Air Force, Army, Coast Guard, Marine Corps and Navy officers and enlisted personnel with the support of an additional 110 civilian personnel.
[edit] Commander
In the operational chain of command, the Commander of USPACOM reports directly to the Secretary of Defense and the President. In the administrative chain of command, USPACOM reports through the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.[1]
[edit] Commanders, U.S. Pacific Command/Commanders, U.S. Pacific Fleet
- Admiral John H. Towers (01 Jan 47 - 28 Feb 47)
- Admiral Louis E. Denfeld (28 Feb 47 - 03 Dec 47)
- Admiral DeWitt C. Ramsey (12 Jan 48 - 30 Apr 49)
- Admiral Arthur W. Radford (30 Apr 49 - 10 Jul 53)
- Admiral Felix B. Stump (10 Jul 53 - 14 Jan 58)
[edit] Commanders, U.S. Pacific Command
- Admiral Felix B. Stump (14 Jan 58 - 31 Jul 58)
- Admiral Harry D. Felt (31 Jul 58 - 30 Jun 64)
- Admiral Ulysses S. Grant Sharp (30 Jun 64 - 31 Jul 68)
- Admiral John S. McCain, Jr. (31 Jul 68 - 01 Sep 72)
- Admiral Noel A.M. Gayler (01 Sep 72 - 30 Aug 76)
- Admiral Maurice F. Weisner (30 Aug 76 - 31 Oct 79)
- Admiral Robert L.J. Long (31 Oct 79 - 01 Jul 83)
- Admiral William J. Crowe, Jr. (01 Jul 83 - 18 Sep 85)
- Admiral Ronald J. Hays (18 Sep 85 - 30 Sep 88)
- Admiral Huntington Hardisty (30 Sep 88 - 01 Mar 91)
- Admiral Charles R. Larson (01 Mar 91 - 11 Jul 94)
- LTG Harold T. Fields (11 Jul 94 - 19 Jul 94)
- Admiral Richard C. Macke (19 Jul 94 - 31 Jan 96)
- Admiral Joseph W. Prueher (31 Jan 96 - 20 Feb 99)
- Admiral Dennis C. Blair (20 Feb 99 - 2 May 02)
- Admiral Thomas B. Fargo (2 May 02 - 26 Feb 05)
- Admiral William J. Fallon (26 Feb 05 - present)
[edit] Establishment
The United States Pacific Command was established on January 1, 1947 by President Harry Truman and was originally headquartered in the Salt Lake subdivision of Honolulu. It took control over all Armed Forces of the United States in what was once called the Pacific Theater during World War II. In 1972, the United States Pacific Command's responsibilities were greatly expanded to include the Indian Ocean, Southern Asia, and the Arctic. In 1976, it was again expanded to include parts of Africa. President Ronald Reagan expanded it again with the inclusion of the People's Republic of China, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolia and Madagascar. In 1989, actions were taken to clarify the extent of authority given to the Commander, Pacific Command.
[edit] Name Change
Prior to 2002, the office of the Commander had held the title of Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific Command (CINCPAC). On October 24, 2002, the Commander was given the new title Commander, U.S. Pacific Command (CDRUSPACOM) along with some organizational changes. Note: CINCPAC is not to be confused with CINCPACFLT, the former name (and subordinate command of CINCPAC) of the Commander of the US Pacific Fleet (COMPACFLT).[2]
[edit] Force Structure
USPACOM is a unified command which includes about 300,000 military personnel from the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps (about 20 percent of all active duty U.S. military forces). These forces are in three categories: Forward-Deployed (about 100,000), Forward-Based, and Continental U.S. (CONUS)-Based which comprise the remainder.[3]
[edit] Service Components
- U.S. Army Pacific:
- Headquarters, I Corps (Washington State)
- 25th Infantry Division (Light)/U.S. Army, Hawaii (States of Hawaii and Washington)
- U.S. Army, Japan/9th Theater Army Area Command (Japan)
- U.S. Army Chemical Activity Pacific (Johnston Island)
- 172nd Separate Infantry Brigade/U.S. Army, Alaska (Alaska)
- 9th Regional Support Command (USAR)
- Marine Forces Pacific:
- 1st Marine Expeditionary Force (California)
- 3rd Marine Expeditionary Force (Japan)
- U.S. Pacific Fleet:
- Third Fleet (California)
- Seventh Fleet (Japan)
- U.S. Pacific Air Forces:
- Fifth Air Force (Japan)
- Seventh Air Force (Korea)
- Eleventh Air Force (Alaska)
- Thirteenth Air Force (Guam)
[edit] Subordinate Unified Commands
- U.S. Forces, Japan (Yokota AB, near Tokyo)
- U.S. Forces, Korea (Yongsan Army Garrison, Seoul)
- Eighth U.S. Army (Yongsan Army Garrison, Seoul)
- Special Operations Command Pacific (Camp H.M. Smith, Hawaii)
- Alaskan Command (Elmendorf AFB, Anchorage)
[edit] Standing Joint Task Forces
- Joint Interagency Task Force West (Alameda, Calif.)
- Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command (Hickam AFB, Hawaii)
[edit] Additional Supporting Units
- Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies (Honolulu, Hawaii)
- Joint Intelligence Center Pacific (Pearl Harbor, Hawaii)
- Center of Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance Studies (Tripler Army Medical Center, Hawaii)
[edit] Resources
[edit] References
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| Regional responsibilities | |
| US Northern Command - US Central Command - US European Command - US Pacific Command - US Southern Command | |
| Functional responsibilities | |
| US Special Operations Command - US Joint Forces Command - US Strategic Command - US Transportation Command - US Unified Medical Command | |
