Photographic print toning

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Toning is any chemical process used to modify the color of monochrome photographic prints. Different toning processes give different colors to the final print. In some cases, the printer may choose to tone some parts of a print more than others. Some toning processes can improve the chemical stability of the print and allow it to last longer. Other toning processes can make the print less stable.

Most toners work by replacing the metallic silver in the emulsion with a silver compound such as silver sulfide (Ag2S). The compound may be more stable then metallic silver and may also have a different color or tone. Many early prints that exist today were toned with sepia toner.

Toner also can increase the tonality of a print. This increases the range of visible shades without reducing contrast. Selenium toning is especially strong in this regard.

Many toners are highly toxic. It is extremely important that the chemicals are used in a well ventilated area. Do not sniff a chemical to identify it unless you are sure that the chemical is not toner. Wear proper gloves and face protection. Some toners are carcinogens.