IBM 7 Track
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IBM's first magnetic tape data storage devices, introduced in 1952, use what is now generally known as 7 track tape. The magnetic tape is 1/2" wide and there are 6 data tracks plus 1 parity track for a total of 7 parallel tracks that span the length of the tape. Data is stored as 6-bit characters, with each bit of the character and the additional the parity bit stored in a different track.
These tape drives were mechanically sophisticated floor-standing drives that used vacuum columns to buffer long u-shaped loops of tape. Between active control of powerful reel motors and vacuum control of these u-shaped tape loops, extremely rapid start and stop of the tape at the tape-to-head interface could be achieved. When active, the two tape reels thus fed tape into or pulled tape out of the vacuum columns, intermittently spinning in rapid, unsynchronized bursts resulting in visually-striking action. Stock shots of such vacuum-column tape drives in motion were widely used to represent "the computer" in movies and television.
Contents |
[edit] Technical details
- Density
- Initial recording density was 100 characters per inch. Later models supported 200, 556 and 800 characters per inch.
- Inter-record Gap
- A gap (initially one inch, later 3/4 inch) between records allowed the mechanism time to start and stop the tape.
- Latency
- There was only a 1.5ms delay for the stopped tape to reach its full reading or writing speed.
- Markers
- Aluminum strips were glued several feet from the ends of the tape to serve as logical beginning and end of tape markers.
- Write protection
- A removable plastic ring in the back of the tape reel was used to indicate whether writing should be permitted.
[edit] Generations
| IBM Model | 726 | 727 | 728 | 729 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density (chars/in) | 100 | 200 | 248 | 200, 556, 800 |
| Tape speed (in/s) | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 (112.5) |
| Transfer rate (chars/s) | 7,500 | 15,000 | 18,750 | 15,000 41,700 60,000 (22,500 62,500 90,000) |
| end of record gap | 1 Inch 100 chars 16.67 words |
0.75 Inches 150 chars 25 words |
0.75 Inches 186 chars 31 words |
|
| Rewind speed (in/s, avg.) | 75, read backwards | 500 | 500 | |
| Start time (msec) | 10 | 5 | 5 | |
| Stop time (msec) | 10 | 5 | 5 | |
| Max. length of reel (ft) | 1,400 | 2,400 | 2,400 | 2,400 |
| Base Composition | cellulose acetate | Mylar or cellulose acetate |
Mylar or cellulose acetate |
[edit] IBM 726
The IBM 726 dual magnetic tape reader/recorder for the IBM 701 was announced on May 21, 1952.
[edit] IBM 727
The IBM 727 Magnetic Tape Unit was announced for the IBM 701 and IBM 702 on September 25, 1953. It became IBM's standard tape drive for their vacuum tube era computer systems. It was withdrawn on May 12, 1971.
[edit] IBM 728
The IBM 728 magnetic tape drive was used on the SAGE AN/FSQ-7 computer. It was physically similar to the IBM 727, but with significantly different specifications.
- tracks: 6 Data, 1 synchronization
- words: 6 chars (32 data bits, 1 parity bit, 3 end of file bits)
- words/inch: 41.33
[edit] IBM 729
The IBM 729 Magnetic Tape Unit was IBM's iconic tape mass storage system from the late 1950s through the mid 1960s. It was used on late 700, most 7000 and many 1400 series computers.
[edit] IBM 2400 Series
The 2400 Series Magnetic Tape Units were introduced with the System/360. Most were IBM 9 Track format drives, but they could be ordered with 7 track read/write heads, allowing them to read and write 7 track tapes.
[edit] External links
- IBM 726 Magnetic tape reader/recorder
- IBM 727 Magnetic tape unit
- Bitsavers.org Magnetic Tape Equipment manuals (PDF files)
- A22-6589-1_magTapeReference_Jun62.pdf – Reference manual for 7 track drives
- IBM 727 Magnetic tape unit (photo) Sold with 705 in 1955.
| Magnetic tape data storage formats | ||
|---|---|---|
| Linear | Helical-Scan | |
| Three Quarter Inch (~19 mm) |
||
| Half Inch (12.65 mm) |
UNISERVO (1951) - IBM 7 Track (1952) - IBM 9 Track (1964) - IBM 3480 (1984) - DLT (1984) - IBM 3590 (1995) - T9840 (1998) - T9940 (2000) - LTO Ultrium (2000) - T10000 (2006) |
Redwood SD-3 (1995) - DTF (19xx) - SAIT (2003) |
| Eight Millimeter (8 mm) |
Travan (1995) - IBM 3570 MP (1997) |
|
| Quarter Inch (6.35 mm) |
||
| Four Millimeter (3.8 mm) |
DDS/DAT (1989) |
|
| One Eighth Inch (3.18 mm) |
KC Standard, Compact Cassette (1975) - Datassette (1977) |
|
| Stringy (1.58 - 1.9 mm) |
Exatron Stringy Floppy (1979) - ZX Microdrive (1983) - Rotronics Wafadrive (1984) |
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