Ústí nad Labem
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| Area: | 93.9 km² |
| Population: | 94,204 (2003) |
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Ústí nad Labem listen (German: Aussig an der Elbe) is a city of the Czech Republic, in the Usti nad Labem Region. The city is the 9th-most populous in the country.
Ústí is situated in a mountainous district at the confluence of the Bílina and the Elbe (Labe) Rivers, and, besides being an active river port, is an important railway junction. It is the birthplace of the painter Anton Raphael Mengs.
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[edit] History
Ústí was mentioned as a trading centre as early as 993. The city was founded by King Otakar II of Bohemia in the latter part of the 13th century. In 1423 it was pledged by Emperor Sigismund to Elector Frederick I of Meißen, who occupied it with a Saxon garrison. In 1426 it was besieged by the Hussites, who on June 16, 1426, though only 25,000 strong, defeated with great slaughter a German army of 70,000 which had been sent to its relief; the town was stormed and sacked the next day. After lying waste for three years, it was rebuilt in 1429. It suffered much during the Thirty Years' War and Seven Years' War.
Not far from Ústí is the village of Chlumec, where, on August 29-August 30, 1813, a battle took place between the French Empire under Vandamme and an allied army of Austrians, Prussians, and Russians. The French were defeated and Vandamme surrendered with his army of 10,000 men.
During the 19th century the city became heavily industrialized. Mining, chemical industry and river transport were its most important assets.Nowadays it is the industrial city with chemical establishments, metallurgy manufacture, machinetool industries, textiles and nutriment industry.
Ústí was a center of early German National Socialism. On November 15, 1903, the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei in Österreich ("German Workers' Party in Austria") was formed; it would become the basis for the Sudeten German National Socialist Party and Austrian National Socialism. Much of their literature and books were printed in Ústí.
Most of the German-speaking population fled before the Red Army during World War II, but after the war returned for a short time. During April 17-April 19, 1945 the city was bombed and 500 people lost their lives. Shortly after the war the Ústí Massacre against German civilians occurred. From 1946-48 over 53,000 ethnic Germans were expelled from the area. Emigrants from the Soviet Union, Slovakia, and Romania settled in the city, among them many Roma and Sinti. During the Cold War the cultural and educational level of the area dropped. During the 1970s-1980s large numbers of paneláks were constructed in Ústí. After the fall of communism in Czechoslovakia in the Velvet Revolution of 1989, the city's heavy industry suffered economic troubles.
The Střekov stronghold is located in a southern suburb of the city. Ústí is a center for tourism owing to the romantic landscape of the Bohemian Highlands (České středohoří) and the České Švýcarsko national park.
[edit] Roma Wall
The city gained notoriety in the late 1990s when a wall was constructed along Matični Street surrounding an area of town that was home mainly to Roma people. Mayor Ladislav Hruška promised local homeowners' representatives that the wall would be finished by the end of September, 1998. Foreign press arrived in Ústí to investigate, and were told by aldermen that the wall was not meant to segregate by race, but to keep respectable citizens safe from danger.[1]
In September, city representatives announced that plans would be changed from a four [metre] soundproof wall to a 1.8 meter wall of ceramic bricks, and a children's playground would also be constructed inside the walled area. Despite these changes, the Roma Civic Initiative and Deputy Prime Minister Vladimír Špidla vocally opposed the construction.[2] The wall was criticized by Congressman Christopher Smith, and a delegation from the Council of Europe described it as a "racist" and drastic solution.[1]
The new plans slated construction to begin August 30, 1999], but a decision by the district council delayed the move because a wall that large would require a permit, and threatened to damage the root systems of trees along Matični Street. On October 5, however, construction began regardless of the opposition by foreign observers and members of the Czech government. The following day, 50 Roma physically blockaded construction of the wall and dismantled parts that had already been set up.[1] Nonetheless, the wall was completed on October 13. Domestic and international pressure eventually convinced the city to dismantle the wall, and it was destroyed six weeks after it was erected.
Officials in Prešov, Slovakia considered building a similar wall in 2005. [1]
[edit] Twin towns
Ústí is twinned with:
[edit] References
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
- ^ a b c Usti nad Labem / Maticni Street romove.radio.cz, 26-02-2000
- ^ Hiding gypsies behind a wall, BBC, February 26, 1999
[edit] External links
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