Östergötland
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Östergötland is a historical province (landskap in Swedish) in the south of Sweden. It borders Småland, Västergötland, Närke, Södermanland, and the Baltic Sea. Historically, it was one of the provinces that was to become Sweden in the Middle Ages. In English, the name would translate to Eastern Gothia, with Gothia referring to the Geat tribe. In older English literature one may also encounter the Latinized version Ostrogothia.
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[edit] County
Provinces serve no administrative function in Sweden today. Instead, that function is served by Counties of Sweden. However, Östergötland has virtually the same boundaries as the corresponding county Östergötland County.
[edit] Geography
From west to east, in the middle parts, extends the Östgöta Plain (Östgöta-slätten). It is largely agricultural. In the southern part of the province, the terrain becomes marked by the south-Swedish highlands, with hills and countless lakes. The northern parts are also hilly, and are otherwise dominated by forests.
Outside the eastern shore of Östergötland lies an archipelago, the islands and islets of which cover an area of 118 km². The Bråviken bay continues further into the country. Some of the more notable islands are Korsö, Gränsö, Arkö, Djursö, Yxnö, Finnö, Emtö, Fångö and Stora Ålö.
Traditionally, the region is divided into two halves, east and west of the river Stångån, which flows from the south into lake Roxen at Linköping.
The eastern part of Göta Canal traverses the province from the Baltic sea at Mem to lake Vättern at Motala.
[edit] Towns
Cities and the year of their royal charter.
- Linköping (1287)
- Mjölby (1922)
- Motala (1881)
- Norrköping (1384)
- Skänninge (approximately 1200)
- Söderköping (approximately 1200)
- Vadstena (approximately 1400)
Today, the largest city in the province is Linköping, with Norrköping second. Skänninge is of virtually no importance; Mjölby is also small. An additional town without a royal charter that has emerged in the 20th century is Finspång.
[edit] History
The earliest mention of Östergötland (the Ostrogoths of Scandza) appears in the Getica by the Goth scholar Jordanes.
The traditions of Östergötland date back into the viking age, the undocumented iron age, and earlier, when this region had its own laws and kings (see Geatish kings and Wulfings). The region kept its own laws, the Östgötalagen, into the Middle Ages. Östergötland belonged to the Christian heartland of late Iron Age and early medieval Sweden. The Sverker and Bjälbo dynasties played pivotal roles in the consolidation of Sweden.
The province has about 50,000 ancient remains of different kinds. 1,749 are for instance grave fields.
The industrialization was at strongest in the cities Norrköping (industries include Ericsson), Linköping (where SAAB had air craft industries) Finspång (metal works), and Motala (mechanical industries) .
[edit] Heraldry
From 1560 Östergötland was represented with two separate arms until 1884 when the current one was granted. The arms is represented with a dukal coronet. Blazon: "Gules a Griffin with Dragon Wings, Tail and Tongue rampant Or armed, beaked, langued and membered Azure between four Roses Argent."
[edit] Dukes of Östergötland
Since 1772, Swedish Princes have been created Dukes of various provinces. This is solely a nominal title.
- Prince Fredrik Adolf (from 1772 until his death in 1803)
- Prince Oscar (from his birth in 1829 until he became King in 1872)
- Prince Carl Jr (from his birth in 1911 until his loss of succession rights in 1937)
[edit] Culture
[edit] Local accents
In Östergötland, the Swedish accent Östgötska [IPA: øɧøtska], an eastern variety of the Götaland accent, is spoken. However some parts, bordering to Södermanland, adhere to a variety of the Svealand accent.
[edit] Sights
Ekenäs Castle, one of the best preserved renaissance castles in Sweden, has belonged to the families Sture and Banér. Löfstad Castle has its origin in the early 17th century having belonged to the von Fersen family. Vadstena Castle, built by the Vasa dynasty 1545-1620, is combined fortress and renaissance castle.
[edit] Hundreds
The Hundreds of Sweden were jurisdictional divisions in effect until early 20th century.
[edit] References
- Nordisk Familjebok, see below
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
Main:
- Östergötland Official Tourism Site In Swedish, English, German
- (Swedish) article Östergötland from Nordisk Familjebok. (In Swedish)
Sights:
Ångermanland • Bohuslän • Blekinge • Dalarna • Dalsland • Gästrikland • Gotland • Halland • Hälsingland • Härjedalen • Jämtland • Lapland • Medelpad • Norrbotten • Närke • Öland • Östergötland • Scania • Småland • Södermanland • Uppland • Värmland • Västmanland • Västerbotten • Västergötland
