ヒュメナイオス
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
ヒュメナイオス(英語表記:Hymenaeus、ギリシア表記:Ὑμέναιος)とは、ギリシア神話における結婚の祝祭の神で、祝宴、賛美歌や祝婚歌などの歌を祝する。
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[編集] 概要
ヒュメナイオスはすべての結婚式に現れる、もし現れなければその結婚の悲劇性が証明されるだろうと考えられていた。そのため、ギリシアの人々はヒュメナイオスの名を声を出して呼びまわった。
ギリシア神話で彼は、すべての神とその子供たちのため、多数の結婚式の司会を務めた。結婚の祝宴をヒュメナイオスが取り仕切るということで、彼と結婚(hymen)という単語との関係が推測できる。しかし辞書編集者は、語源の類似性というよりは、発音の一致というべきだと主張する。
[編集] 表現
少なくともイタリア･ルネサンス以来、ヒュメナイオスの芸術上の表現とは、頭に花環を付けて、片手に燃えるたいまつを持ち、紫のベストを着た若者である。
[編集] 出典
ヒュメナイオスについては、ホメロスがイリアスの中で言及している。 in the description of the shield of Archilles— though Robert Fagles elides the mention of his name:
- "With weddings and wedding feasts in one
- and under glowing torches they brought forth the brides
- from the women’s chambers, marching through the streets
- while choir on choir the wedding song rose high
- and the young men came dancing, whirling round in rings
- and among them flutes and harps kept up their stirring call—
- women rushed to the doors and each stood moved with wonder."
— and in Virgil's Aeneid;ウィリアム・シェイクスピアの「お気に召すまま」で、ヒュメナイオスは最後に恋人たちを結婚させる。
- "’Tis Hymen peoples every town;
- High wedlock then be honoured.
- Honour, high honour, and renown,
- To Hymen, god of every town!"
彼はバッカス(酒宴の神)とアフロディテ(愛の女神)の息子(もしくは他の伝承によればアポロン神と ミューズの一人の間に生まれた子)である。 Other stories gives him legendary origin. In one of the surviving fragments of the Catalogue of Women associated with Hesiod, it is told that Magnes "had a son of remarkable beauty, Hymenaeus. And when Apollo saw the boy, he was seized with love for him, and would not leave the house of Magnes" [1]. The story is also picked up in an account by Antoninus Liberalis. (B. Sergent, Homosexuality in Greek Myth, p.109) According to Suidas, however, Hymenaeus' erastes was Thamyris.
Aristophanes' Peace ends with Trygaeus and the Chorus singing the wedding song, with the repeated phrase "Oh hymen! Oh Hymenaeus!" [2], a typical refrain for a wedding song
[編集] Later Story of Origin
According to a later Romance, Hymenaios was an Athenian youth of great beauty but low birth who fell in love with the daughter of one of the city's wealthiest men. Since he could not speak to her or court her, due to his social standing, he instead followed her wherever she went.
Hymenaios disguised himself as a woman in order to join one of these processions, a religious rite at Eleusis where only women went. The assemblage was captured by pirates, Hymenaios included. He encouraged the women and plotted strategy with them, and together they killed their captors. He then agreed with the women to go back to Athens and win their freedom, if he were allowed to marry one of them. He thus succeeded in both the mission and the marriage, and his marriage was so happy that Athenians instituted festivals in his honor and came to be associated with marriage.
[編集] External link
- William Smith, editor. A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology(11.57)
See Ovid in both Medea and Metamorphoses 12; Virgil's Aeneid 1 and following, and Catullus's poem 62.
