賈德·戴蒙
维基百科，自由的百科全书
賈德·梅森·戴蒙(出生於1937年9月10日）為美國演化生物學家、生理學家、生物地理學家以及非小說類作家。他最著名的作品《槍砲、病菌與鋼鐵》發表於1997年，曾獲得普立茲獎。
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[编辑] 生平
戴蒙出生於波士頓，父親為一位醫生，母親為一位兼具語言學能力的音樂老師。戴蒙畢業於Roxbury拉丁學校後，在1958年獲得哈佛大學文學士學位，於1961年獲得劍橋大學膜生物物理及生理學博士學位。1962年至1966年返回哈佛擔任基礎研究員，在1966年擔任加州大學洛杉磯分校（UCLA）醫學院的教授一職。在他二十餘嵗時，他同時研究新幾內亞的鳥類生態與演化行為，並多次探險新幾內亞與其周圍的群島。在他五十餘嵗時，戴蒙進行環境史的研究，並擔任加州大學的地理與環境健康科學的教授。
[编辑] 作品
戴蒙為一位聞名於結合人類學、生物學、語言學以及基因學與歷史的大眾科學的寫作者. While Diamond became a staunch opponent of the use of genetic and racial arguments to account for the differences in technological sophistication, in 1986 he wrote a commentary entitled "Ethnic differences: Variation in human testis size," in which he commented on possible relations between testis size, hormone levels, and rates of dizygotic twinning in various ethnic groups.
His best-known work is the Pulitzer Prize-winning book, Guns, Germs, and Steel (1997), which asserts that the main international issues of our time are legacies of processes that began during the early-modern period, in which civilizations that had experienced an extensive amount of "human development" began to intrude upon simpler civilizations around the world. Diamond's quest is to explain why such advanced civilizations developed only in Eurasia, and to do so in ways that do not appeal to ethnocentric myths, but do away with them. Although it identifies the main processes and factors of civilizational development that were present in Eurasia, but not elsewhere, it does so by tracing commonalities between Eurasian civilizations, leaving the question open of why Europe came to supersede other Eurasian civilizations after 1800.
In his most recent book, Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed (2004), Diamond examines what caused some of the great civilizations of the past to collapse into ruin and considers what contemporary society can learn from their fates.
[编辑] 書籍
- 《大崩壞—人類社會的明天》Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed (2005), ISBN 0670033375. 台北：時報（2006）
- Guns, Germs, and Steel Reader's Companion (2003), ISBN 1586638637.
- 《槍炮、病菌與鋼鐵：人類社會的命運》Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies (1997), ISBN 0393317552. 台北：時報（1998）
- 《性趣何來？》Why is Sex Fun? The Evolution of Human Sexuality (1997), ISBN 0465031277. 台北：天下文化（1998）
- 《第三種猩猩—人類的進化及未來》The Third Chimpanzee: The Evolution and Future of the Human Animal (1992), ISBN 0060984031. 台北：時報（2000）
- The Birds of Northern Melanesia: Speciation, Ecology, & Biogeography (with Ernst Mayr, 2001), ISBN 0195141709.
- Avifauna of the Eastern Highlands of New Guinea, Publications of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, No. 12, Cambridge, Mass., pp. 438 (1972).
[编辑] 文章
- Curse and Blessing of the Ghetto (March 1991) Discover, pp.60-66
- Japanese Roots (June 1998) Discover
- The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race (May 1987) Discover pp. 64-66
- Ethnic differences. Variation in human testis size. (April 1986) Nature 320(6062):488-489 *PubMed.
- Island Biogeography and the Design of Natural Reserves (1976), in Robert M. May's Theoretical *Ecology: Principles and Applications, Blackwell Scientific Publications, pp. 163-186
[编辑] 文集
Diamond speaks a dozen languages, and his books rely on fields as diverse as molecular biology and archaeology, as well as obscure knowledge about typewriter design and feudal Japan. Because of his broad expertise and the large number of articles credited to him, Mark Ridley has suggested jokingly that Jared Diamond is not a single person, but instead "is really a committee". Diamond is on the editorial board of Skeptic Magazine, a publication of The Skeptics Society. He is also a member of the American Philosophical Society, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the National Academy of Sciences. Diamond is US regional director of the World Wildlife Fund. He was the recipient of the 1998 International Cosmos Prize. Diamond's wife, Marie, is a granddaughter of Edward Werner, Polish vice-Finance Minister (pre-WWII). She is also a great-grandniece of Saint Raphael Kalinowski. [1] He has two sons, Josh and Max Diamond, who attend Duke University and Northwestern University respectively.
[编辑] 外部連結
Diamond's page at UCLA department of geography Diamond's page at the UCLA school of medicine Diamond biography at The Edge EvoWiki: Jared Diamond Diamond's page at thelavinagency.com "The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race"-Diamond's essay on the political effects of agriculture On the social function of caste: a reply to Jared Diamond from the Anti-Caste Information Page
