1988年アメリカ合衆国大統領選挙
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
1988年アメリカ合衆国大統領選挙は、1988年11月8日に行われたアメリカ合衆国大統領選挙。
目次 |
[編集] 予備選
[編集] 民主党予備選出馬候補
Having been badly defeated in the 1984 presidential election, the Democrats were eager to find a new approach to win the presidency. They felt more optimistic this time due to the large gains in the 1986 mid-term election which resulted in the Democrats taking back control of the Senate after 6 years of Republican rule. Among the field of candidates were the following:
- Bruce E. Babbitt, former governor from Arizona
- Joseph R. Biden Jr., U.S. senator from Delaware
- マイケル・デュカキス, マサチューセッツ州知事
- ディック・ゲッパード, U.S. representative from Missouri（下院院内総務、保護貿易論者）
- アルバート・ゴア, U.S. senator from Tennessee（後の副大統領）
- Gary W. Hart, former U.S. senator from Colorado
- ジェシー・ジャクソン civil rights activist（黒人）
- Patricia Schroeder, U.S. representative from Colorado
- Paul M. Simon, U.S. senator from Illinois
In early 1987, Sen. Gary Hart was the clear frontrunner in the field (Democratic party efforts to recruit New York Gov. Mario Cuomo aside). Hart had put in a strong showing in the 1984 presidential election, and had refined his campaign in the intervening years.
However, questions about extramarital affairs dogged the charismatic candidate. One of the great myths is that Senator Hart challenged the media to 'put a tail' on him. In actuality, the Miami Herald had received an anonymous tip from a friend of Donna Rice's that Rice was involved with Hart. It was only after Hart had been discovered that the Herald reporters found Hart's quote in a copy of New York Times magazine. On May 8, 1987, a week after the Donna Rice story broke, Hart dropped out of the race. In December of 1987, Hart returned to the race. However, the damage had been done.
Senator Edward M. Kennedy of Massachusetts had been considered a potential candidate, but he ruled himself out of the 1988 campaign in the fall of 1985.
Joseph Biden's campaign was also surrounded with controversy, as he was found to have plagiarized a speech from British Labour party leader Neil Kinnock, and then was found to have also engaged in plagiarism in law school. This would lead him to drop out of the race. Dukakis later revealed that his campaign was responsible for leaking the tape, and two members of his staff resigned. Both Syracuse University Law School and the Delaware State Bar Association cleared Biden of the old law school plagiarism charges.
In the Iowa caucuses, Gephardt finished first, Simon finished second, and Dukakis finished third. In the New Hampshire primary, Dukakis finished first, Gephardt finished second, and Simon finished third. Dukakis and Gore campaigned hard against Gephardt with negative ads, and eventually the United Auto Workers retracted their endorsement of Gephardt, who was heavily dependent on labor union backing.
In the スーパー・チューズデー races, Dukakis won six primaries, Gore five, Jackson five and Gephardt one, with Gore and Jackson splitting the southern states The next week, Simon won Illinois. 1988 remains the race with the most candidates winning primaries since the McGovern reforms of 1971. Dukakis eventually emerged as the winner, with Gore's effort to paint Dukakis as too liberal for the general election being unsuccessful and causing him to withdraw. Jackson focused more on getting enough delegates to make sure African-American interests were represented in the platform than on winning.
The Democratic Party Convention was held in Atlanta, Georgia. The Dukakis nominating speech delivered by Arkansas governor Bill Clinton was widely criticized as too long and tedious.
With most candidates having withdrawn and asking their delegates to vote for Dukakis, the tally for president was as follows:
-
- Michael Dukakis 2687
- Jesse Jackson 1218
- Joseph Biden 2
- Richard Gephardt 2
- Gary Hart 1
- Lloyd Bentsen 1
Jesse Jackson's campaign believed, that since they had come a respectable second, they demanded the Vice presidential spot. Dukakis refused, and gave the spot to Lloyd Bentsen.
Bentsen was selected in large part to secure the state of Texas and its large electoral vote for the Democrats. Because of Bentsen's status of something of an elder statesman who was more experienced in elected politics, many believed Dukakis' selection of Bentsen as his running mate was a mistake in that Bentsen, number two on the ticket, appeared more "presidential" than did Dukakis. During the vice-presidential debate, Republican candidate and Senator ダン・クエール ignored a head-on confrontation with Bentsen (aside from the "Jack Kennedy comparison) and spent his time attacking Dukakis.
[編集] 共和党予備選出馬候補
Vice President George H. W. Bush had the support of President Ronald Reagan, and pledged to continue Reagan's policies, but also pledged a "kinder, gentler America" in an attempt to win over some more moderate voters.
There nevertheless emerged a few challengers for the nomination. They were:
- ボブ・ドール, Senator from Kansas, Senate Minority Leader
- Pete DuPont, former Governor from Delaware
- アレクサンダー・ヘイグ, Reagan's former Secretary of State
- ジャック・ケンプ, Congressman from Buffalo, NY; former NFL player
- Pat Robertson, evangelical preacher
- ドナルド・ラムズフェルド, （元アメリカ合衆国国防長官、後の副大統領）
Bush unexpectedly came in third in the Iowa caucus (that he had won back in 1980), behind winner Dole and Robertson. Dole was also leading in the polls of the New Hampshire primary, and the Bush camp responded by running television commercials portraying Dole as a tax raiser, while Governor John H. Sununu stumped for Bush. These efforts enabled the Vice President to defeat Dole and gain crucial momentum. After his loss Dole was bitter about his defeat, going on TV to tell Bush to "stop lying about my record." Once the multiple-state primaries such as Super Tuesday began, Bush's organizational strength and fundraising lead were impossible for the other candidates to match, and the nomination was his.
The Republican party convention was held in New Orleans, Louisiana. Bush was nominated unanimously.
When vocal opposition to Bush's selection of Senator Dan Quayle of Indiana as vice president, became louder and louder, the rules were suddenly changed, and Quayle was nominated by voice vote.
In his acceptance speech, Bush made an energetic pledge, "Read my lips: No new taxes", a comment that would come to hurt him in the 1992 elections.
[編集] 本選結果
| 大統領候補 | 副大統領候補 | 政党 | 選挙人投票 (EV) | 一般投票 (PV) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ジョージ・H・W・ブッシュ、テキサス州 (当選) | ダン・クエール、インディアナ州 | 共和党 | 426 | 48,882,808 | 53.4% |
| マイケル・デュカキス、マサチューセッツ州 | ロイド・ベンツェン、テキサス州 | 民主党 | 111 | 41,807,430 | 45.6% |
| ロイド・ベンツェン、テキサス州 | マイケル・デュカキス、マサチューセッツ州 | 民主党 | 1 | （不出馬） | - |
| ロナルド・ポール | アンドレ・V・マーロウ | リバタリアン党 | 0 | 432,179 | 0.5% |
| レノーラ・フラーニ | 新連合党 | 0 | 217,219 | 0.2 | |
| その他 | 0 | 251,830 | 0.3 | ||
| 合計 | 538 | 91,591,486 | 100.00 | ||
[編集] 雑学
この年の大統領選挙は、ファミコンソフトにもなって、日本でも取り上げられた。（ただし実名ではない。）
[編集] 関連項目
| アメリカ合衆国大統領選挙 1789 | 1792 | 1796 |
カテゴリ: アメリカ合衆国の選挙 | 翻訳中
